Malalikid is held by the Amis people from July to August every year; it has different names and sets of practice from the north to the south. The festival is known as Malalikid in the north, Ilisin or Milisin in the middle region and Kilima’an or Malikoda in the south. The festival generally involves the welcoming, entertaining, feasting and bidding farewell to the ancestral spirits across regions, characterized by lengthy and majestic dancing and chanting. In recent years, the celebration is evolving in an urbanized context that expects festive glee combined with a tinge of historical authenticity – its cultural importance is thus confirmed as a moment foregrounding social identity, cultural symbols and the socio-ethical value of the age class system.
「豐年祭」乃阿美族每年7-8月間收穫後祭儀,由北至南慶典內容、稱謂有所差異:Malalikid(北部)、Ilisin/Milisin(中部)、Kiloma’an/Malikoda(南部)。北方偏男子年齡階層軍事演練;南方則有農作(小米)與祖靈「相聚於家」的歡慶氣氛;中部的字根”lisin”本意為禁忌、戒律,可見嚴格的秩序規範。結構上通常包括迎靈、娛靈、宴靈與送靈,以長時間雄壯的舞踏吟誦為特色。
日治以降傳統歲時祭儀被整併為單一慶典,並成為觀光凝視焦點迄今,而戰後改宗浪潮下原具宗教性質的「豐年祭」也被迫停止或改變型態,近年則在慶典化、復古化、都市化的背景下成為社會轉型過程,彰顯阿美族社會認同、文化符碼、年齡階層倫理價值的最重要場域。
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豐年祭 (阿美族)
[豐年祭(阿美族) Malalikid(編號300438546)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300438546(2024/11/22瀏覽)。