| derived from.... | 牛蒡(紋飾) |
| 英文.... | Genus of biennial thistles native to Europe and Asia, naturalized throughout North America. They have dark green leaves and globular flower heads with prickly bracts. |
| 牛蒡屬(屬)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 國家教育研究院-雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 June 23, 2015 |
| Arctium(genus)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | ITIS Report: Taxonomy online (2005-) |
| ................. | NCBI Taxonomy Browser (2008-) |
| ................. | USDA Classification online (2008-) |
| burdock(genus)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | ITIS Report: Taxonomy online (2005-) |
| ................. | Davies, Antique Kilims of Anatolia (2000) 55 |
| ................. | Kilim: Catalogue No.1 (1988) plate [14] |
| ................. | USDA Classification online (2008-) |
| burrdock(genus)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | ITIS Report: Taxonomy online (2005-) |
| buturak(genus)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Landreau and Yohe, Flowers of the Yayla (1983) 97 |