範圍註 ：
Vascular plants such as conifers, cycads, ginkgo and others that reproduce by means of an exposed seed or ovule, as opposed to an angiosperm or flowering plant, which have seeds enclosed by mature ovaries or fruits. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scale- or leaf-like appendages of cones, or at the end of short stalks. In early classification schemes, Gymnospermae were regarded as a taxonomic group, although modern classifications recognize that the fossil record suggests that angiosperms are nested within gymnosperms (thus living gymnosperms are not actually a clade).
詞彙 ：
Gymnospermae(plant group) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
Gymnospermae(plant group) (P,,U,拉丁語-偏好,D,U,U)
gymnosperm(plant group) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
gymnosperms(plant group) (,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
gymnosperme(plant group) (,U,法語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
gimnosperma(plant group) (,U,Italian-非偏好,AD,U,U)
gimnosperma(plant group) (,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
gimnospérmica(plant group) (,U,Portuguese-非偏好,AD,U,U)
Gymnospermae(plant group) (P,,U,拉丁語-偏好,D,U,U)
gymnosperm(plant group) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
gymnosperms(plant group) (,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
gymnosperme(plant group) (,U,法語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
gimnosperma(plant group) (,U,Italian-非偏好,AD,U,U)
gimnosperma(plant group) (,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
gimnospérmica(plant group) (,U,Portuguese-非偏好,AD,U,U)
層面/層級編碼： V.RD
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....代理者層面........活體有機體............真核生物 (域)................植物界 (界)
....................Gymnospermae (plant group)
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | Vascular plants such as conifers, cycads, ginkgo and others that reproduce by means of an exposed seed or ovule, as opposed to an angiosperm or flowering plant, which have seeds enclosed by mature ovaries or fruits. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scale- or leaf-like appendages of cones, or at the end of short stalks. In early classification schemes, Gymnospermae were regarded as a taxonomic group, although modern classifications recognize that the fossil record suggests that angiosperms are nested within gymnosperms (thus living gymnosperms are not actually a clade). |
來源與貢獻者：
| Gymnospermae(plant group)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
| ................. | Montgomery, American furniture: Federal Period (1966) 27 |
| gymnosperm(plant group)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Schiffer, Woods We Live With (1977) 11 |
| ................. | Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-) |
| ................. | Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) |
| gymnosperms(plant group)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
| gymnosperme(plant group)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-) |
| gimnosperma(plant group)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-) |
| gimnospérmica(plant group)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-) |
| Subject:............ | [CHIN] |
| ................. | RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) Timber: softwoods |
| ................. | CHIN database |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300343812
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300343812
聯合目錄： Gymnospermae 、gymnosperm 、gymnosperms 、gymnosperme 、gimnosperma 、Gymnospermae 、gimnospérmica 、gimnosperma
聯合目錄： Gymnospermae 、gymnosperm 、gymnosperms 、gymnosperme 、gimnosperma 、Gymnospermae 、gimnospérmica 、gimnosperma
引用：
[ Gymnospermae(plant group)(編號300343812)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300343812（2024/11/22瀏覽）。