硬石鑲嵌(視覺作品) pietre dure(visual works)
範圍註 ：
將堅硬、拋光的碎石置入大理石或其他堅硬表面的鑲嵌作品，乃創始於佛羅倫斯的一種專業技能，通常用於桌面與牆板裝飾。以「pietra dura」此單數名詞出現時，在義大利境內是指使用單一石材者，但在義大利以外則是指使用多種石頭之作品。此工藝在古典羅馬時代便已出現：十六世紀時，在科西莫‧梅迪奇大公(Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici)的贊助下，佛羅倫斯的工作坊開始生產裝飾性鑲板，此後硬石切割的技術便再次流行；此工作坊在1588年以佛羅倫斯考古修復博物館(Opificio delle Pietre Dure)之名重新揭牌，其所採用者皆為半寶石，通常為瑪瑙、玉髓、碧玉和青金等類的硬石，但不包含大理石與寶石。一般而言，在莫氏硬度表6至10級，大約介於正長石與鑽石之間的石頭硬度者方合乎此工藝之石種要求，但青金石為其中特例。
詞彙 ：
硬石鑲嵌(視覺作品) (P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
大理石鑲嵌工藝(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
ying shih hsiang ch'ien (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
yìng shí xiāng qiān (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ying shi xiang qian (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
pietra dura(visual works) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,U)
pietre dure(visual works) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,U)
pietre dure(visual works) (,U,Italian-偏好,D,U,U)
pietre dure(visual works) (,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
Florentine mosaics(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
大理石鑲嵌工藝(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
ying shih hsiang ch'ien (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
yìng shí xiāng qiān (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ying shi xiang qian (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
pietra dura(visual works) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,U)
pietre dure(visual works) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,U)
pietre dure(visual works) (,U,Italian-偏好,D,U,U)
pietre dure(visual works) (,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
Florentine mosaics(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
層面/層級編碼： V.VC
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....物件層面........視覺及語言傳達............視覺作品 (層級名)................<視覺作品 (作品)>....................<依媒材或技術區分之視覺作品>........................馬賽克 (視覺作品)
............................硬石鑲嵌 (視覺作品)
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | Inlaid works in which pieces of hard, polished stone have been set into marble or another hard surface; a Florentine specialty often used for decorative table tops and small wall panels. The singular form, "pietra dura," is used within Italy to refer to works incorporating a single type of stone; but outside Italy it refers to works using combinations of stones. Pietra dura works were carved in classical Rome, and the techniques for cutting such hard stones were revived in 16th-century Florence, where a workshop established under the patronage of Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici produced decorative panels; the workshop was refounded in 1588 as the Opificio delle Pietre Dure. The hardstones used are semi-precious stones, typically agate, chalcedony, jasper and lapis lazuli, but do not include marble or precious stones. Stones of the requisite hardness for such work generally fall between 6 and 10 on Mohs' scale of hardness, i.e. between orthoclase and diamond (lapis lazuli being the notable exception). |
| 西班牙語.... | Trabajo de incrustación en que piezas de piedra dura y pulida son puestas en mármol u otra superficie dura. |
來源與貢獻者：
| 硬石鑲嵌(視覺作品)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 藝術名詞與技法辭典 342 |
| pietra dura(visual works)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Rogers, Islamic Art and Design (1983) glossary |
| ................. | Schneider, Guide to Inventorying Ethnological Collections (1970) |
| ................. | Grove Art Online (2008-) accessed 14 October 2010 |
| pietre dure(visual works)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Oxford Companion to Art (1984) 871, term applies to a partic. kind of mosaic work in colored stone are used to imitate painting. |
| ................. | RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) |
| ................. | Lucie-Smith, Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms (1986) singular form should strictly be kept for mosaic work containing stones of one type. |
| ................. | ICCD database (1988-) |
| ................. | Lucie-Smith, Diccionario de Términos de Arte (1997) |
| Florentine mosaics............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Grove Art Online (2008-) |
| Subject:............ | [ICCD] |
| ................. | RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) precoor.; Byzantine pietre dure |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300343598
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300343598
聯合目錄： 硬石鑲嵌 、大理石鑲嵌工藝 、ying shih hsiang ch'ien 、yìng shí xiāng qiān 、ying shi xiang qian 、pietra dura 、pietre dure 、Florentine mosaics 、pietre dure 、pietre dure 、mosaicos florentinos
聯合目錄： 硬石鑲嵌 、大理石鑲嵌工藝 、ying shih hsiang ch'ien 、yìng shí xiāng qiān 、ying shi xiang qian 、pietra dura 、pietre dure 、Florentine mosaics 、pietre dure 、pietre dure 、mosaicos florentinos
引用：
[硬石鑲嵌(視覺作品) pietre dure(visual works)(編號300343598)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300343598（2024/07/07瀏覽）。