即興音樂 aleatory
範圍註 ：
讓表演者和演出場合可自由發揮的音樂創作技巧，但不包括傳統經排練的即興創作與隨性停頓，其中以下三種方法最為常見：(1) 不跟步驟的隨性作曲；(2) 讓表演者自行選擇如何演繹曲子；(3) 使用非傳統或全新的創作組合、樂譜或音符，讓表演者可跳脫出原曲目規則，得以盡情詮釋曲子。該技巧二十世紀中葉以來廣受歡迎，美國作曲家約翰‧蓋吉即為其中一例。
詞彙 ：
即興音樂(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
chi hsing yin yüeh (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
jí xìng yīn yuè(P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ji xing yin yue(P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
aleatory(P,,V,英文-偏好,D,U,U)
indeterminate music(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
indeterminancy(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
chance procesures(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
aleatory music(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
chance music(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
aleatoriek(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
aleatoria(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
chi hsing yin yüeh (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
jí xìng yīn yuè(P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ji xing yin yue(P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
aleatory(P,,V,英文-偏好,D,U,U)
indeterminate music(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
indeterminancy(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
chance procesures(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
aleatory music(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
chance music(,V,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
aleatoriek(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
aleatoria(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
層面/層級編碼： K.KT
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....活動層面........過程與技術............<過程與技術>................<依特定種類區分之過程與技術>....................<音樂作曲技術>
........................即興音樂
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | Technique of music composition in which the composer leaves a significant amount of control over the piece to the performers or circumstances, excluding some of the traditional ways of doing this such as guided improvisation and unmeasured pauses. There are generally three methods employed: (1) the use of random procedures to generate compositions; (2) the allowance of choice to the performer(s) from among options created by the composer; and (3) the use of nontraditional or totally new-made schemes or notation and notational symbols that loosen the composer's instructions and allow much room for the performer(s) own interpretation. The technique has been used widely since the mid-20th century, one of the notable practitioners being the American composer John Cage. |
| 荷蘭語.... | Compositietechniek waarbij de componist een aanzienlijk deel van de controle over het stuk overlaat aan de musici of omstandigheden, uitgezonderd enkele traditionele manieren om dit te doen, zoals geleide improvisatie en maatloze rusten. In het algemeen worden drie methoden toegepast: (1) gebruik van toevalsprocedures in het maken van composities, (2) de musicus laten kiezen uit diverse mogelijkheden die door de componist worden aangereikt en (3) het gebruik van niet-traditionele of volledig nieuwe schema's of notaties en notatiesymbolen die zorgen voor lossere instructies van de componist en veel ruimte laten voor de interpretatie van de musicus. De techniek is sinds medio 20ste eeuw veelvuldig toegepast en een van de belangrijkste beoefenaars was de Amerikaanse componist John Cage. |
來源與貢獻者：
| 即興音樂............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 March 7, 2012 |
| aleatory............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Sadie, New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984) 1:341 |
| ................. | Arnold, New Oxford Companion to Music (1983) 1:44 |
| indeterminate music............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Arnold, New Oxford Companion to Music (1983) 1:904 |
| ................. | LC Subject Authority Headings [online] (2002-) SH85022486 , accessed 18 March 2004 |
| indeterminancy............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Art of David Tudor Glossary [online] (2004) accessed 18 March 2004 |
| chance procesures............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Art of David Tudor Glossary [online] (2004) accessed 18 March 2004 |
| aleatory music............ | [VP] |
| ................. | LC Subject Authority Headings [online] (2002-) SH85022486, accessed 18 March 2004 |
| chance music............ | [VP] |
| ................. | LC Subject Authority Headings [online] (2002-) SH85022486, accessed 18 March 2004 |
| aleatoriek............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| aleatoria............ | [CDBP-DIBAM] |
| ................. | TAA database (2000-) |
| Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | Bureau AAT, RKD |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300264879
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300264879
聯合目錄： 即興音樂 、chi hsing yin yüeh 、jí xìng yīn yuè 、ji xing yin yue 、aleatory 、indeterminate music 、indeterminancy 、chance procesures 、aleatory music 、chance music 、aleatoriek 、aleatoria
聯合目錄： 即興音樂 、chi hsing yin yüeh 、jí xìng yīn yuè 、ji xing yin yue 、aleatory 、indeterminate music 、indeterminancy 、chance procesures 、aleatory music 、chance music 、aleatoriek 、aleatoria
引用：
[即興音樂 aleatory(編號300264879)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300264879（2024/11/22瀏覽）。