馬(種) Equus caballus(species)
範圍註 ：
最早的馬可見範圍由波蘭延伸至蒙古的大草原。現在被人類馴養，世界各地都可見馬的蹤跡，某些地區則還有野馬。一般認為最原始的三種馬—中亞的蒙古野馬(Przewalski's horse)、東歐與烏克蘭草原的歐洲野馬(tarpan)、北歐的山林馬(forest horse)—為現代家畜馬的原始族系。依據這種思考方向，蒙古野馬與歐洲野馬組成基本的種畜，由此發展出南方「溫血」的馬，山林馬則演化成大而結實的「冷血」品種。現代品種被分成輕巧、敏捷、勇猛的品種，如典型的現代阿拉伯馬；體型較大、速度較緩慢、較沈著的工作用品種，如典型的比利時馬；以及介於兩者之間的純種馬。牠們也依原產地分類，如佩爾什馬(Percheron)、克萊茲代爾馬(Clydesdale)與阿拉伯馬；主要用途分成乘用馬、役用馬、挽用馬；與牠們的外表與體型分為輕型馬、重型馬、小型馬。
詞彙 ：
馬(種) (P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
ma(P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ma(P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ma(P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
Equus caballus(species) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
Equus caballus(species) (P,,U,拉丁語-偏好,D,U,N)
horses(animals) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
horse(animal) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
ma(P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ma(P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ma(P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
Equus caballus(species) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
Equus caballus(species) (P,,U,拉丁語-偏好,D,U,N)
horses(animals) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
horse(animal) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
層面/層級編碼： X.XA
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....代理者層面........活體有機體............真核生物 (域)................動物界 (界)....................脊索動物門 (門)........................脊椎動物亞門 (亞門)............................哺乳綱 (綱)................................奇蹄目 (目)....................................馬科 (科)........................................馬屬 (屬)
............................................馬 (種)
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | Original populations of Equus caballus were once found in the steppe zone from Poland to Mongolia. Now domesticated, horses occur throughout the world and in feral populations in some areas. Three of the several early breeds of horse - Przewalski's horse from central Asia, the tarpan from eastern Europe and the Ukrainian steppes, and the forest horse of northern Europe - are generally thought to have been the ancestral stock of modern domestic horses. According to this line of thinking, Przewalski's horse and the tarpan formed the basic breeding stock from which the southerly 'warm-blooded' horses developed, while the forest horse gave rise to the heavy, 'cold-blooded' breeds. All modern breeds are divided as light, fast, spirited breeds typified by the modern Arabian, heavier, slower, and calmer working breeds typified by the Belgian, and intermediate breeds typified by the Thoroughbred. They are also classified according to where they originated (e.g., Percheron, Clydesdale, and Arabian), by the principal use of the horse (riding, draft, coach horse), and by their outward appearance and size (light, heavy, pony). |
來源與貢獻者：
| 馬(種)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 朗文當代大辭典 848 |
| ................. | 故宮後設資料需求規格書 3 |
| ................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 August 17, 2011 |
| ................. | 大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 August 17, 2011 |
| ................. | 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 August 17, 2011 |
| ................. | 牛頓生物辭典 170 |
| Equus caballus(species)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Britannica Student Encyclopedia Online (2002-) accessed 17 May 2006 |
| ................. | Animal Diversity Web (1995-) accessed 17 May 2006 |
| ................. | Natural History Museum, London (2000-) accessed 17 May 2006 |
| horses(animals)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Oxford English Dictionary (1989) horses |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) horses |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| ................. | BHA Subject Headings (1985-) horses |
| ................. | AATA database (1995-) 124747 checked 26 January 2012 |
| horse(animal)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| Subject:............ | [GCI] |
| ................. | AATA database (1995-) 124747 checked 26 January 2012 |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300250148
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300250148
聯合目錄： 馬 、ma 、ma 、ma 、Equus caballus 、horses 、horse 、Equus caballus
聯合目錄： 馬 、ma 、ma 、ma 、Equus caballus 、horses 、horse 、Equus caballus
引用：
[馬(種) Equus caballus(species)(編號300250148)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300250148（2024/11/23瀏覽）。