烏沙克 Ushak
範圍註 ：
一種在在烏沙克鎮製作的織品風格；尤指地毯。烏沙克鎮是鄂圖曼土耳其的大型商用地毯主要生產中心，所生產的織品包括適用於皇宮、清真寺以及外銷用途的地毯。在西元十九世紀末，這類織品的品質變得較為低劣粗糙，設計出的樣式只為迎合歐洲人的喜好。在較為古老的烏沙克地毯中，最著名的圖案由兩種大型的圓形獎章組合而成，並且在磚紅色或深藍色的底色上交織排列。第二種常見的圖案則是八角星形獎章與菱形圖案，以斜紋方式交織排列。在西元十八、十九世紀期間，有些專用於清真寺禮拜儀式的地毯上方會排列著祈禱用壁龕的圖案。
詞彙 ：
烏沙克(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
wu sha k'o (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
wū shā kè (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
wu sha ke (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
Ushak(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,A)
Ushak(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
Ushak(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
Usak(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
Usak(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
Ouchak(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
Oushak(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
wu sha k'o (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
wū shā kè (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
wu sha ke (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
Ushak(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,A)
Ushak(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
Ushak(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
Usak(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
Usak(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
Ouchak(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
Oushak(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
層面/層級編碼： F.FL
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....風格與時代層面........風格與時代............<依區域區分之風格與時代>................<伊斯蘭世界>....................<伊斯蘭世界的朝代風格與時代>........................<曼贊克爾特時期後之安那托利亞的伊斯蘭風格與時代>............................<曼贊克爾特時期之後安那托利亞的伊斯蘭風格>................................<曼贊克爾特時期後之安那托利亞的伊斯蘭紡織風格>
....................................烏沙克
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | Style of textile, particularly carpets, made in the town of Ushak, the principal manufacturing center of large commercial carpets in Ottoman Turkey. It includes rugs created for palace and mosque use and for export. By the close of the 19th century the style had become coarser and rougher, with designs calculated to please European tastes. The best-known pattern among the older carpets is a scheme of large, rounded medallions of two types, alternating upon a field of brick red or dark blue. A second common pattern shows diagonal rows of eight-pointed star medallions alternating with diamonds. In the 18th and 19th centuries, a number of carpets with prayer-niche motifs in rows were made for mosque worship. |
來源與貢獻者：
| 烏沙克............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 July 9, 2012 |
| Ushak............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Ellis, Oriental Carpets (1988) |
| ................. | Oxford English Dictionary (1989) |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
| ................. | Personal Communication Julia Bailey, Sackler Art Museum, 1/93; applies to rugs. |
| ................. | Miller, Como Reconocer las Antigüedades (1991) 164 |
| ................. | Grove Art Online (2008-) |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| Usak............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Personal Communication Julia Bailey, Sackler Art Museum, 01/93; needs diacritics. |
| ................. | Fleming y Honour, Diccionario de Artes Decorativas (1987) 850 |
| Ouchak............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Oxford English Dictionary (1989) |
| Oushak............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Oxford English Dictionary (1989) |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
| Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | Bacharach and Bierman, Warp and Weft of Islam (1979) 43; Ushak carpets |
| ................. | New Encyclopaedia Britannica (1984) Ushak carpets |
| ................. | Ellis, Oriental Carpets (1988) GLOS; Ushak carpets |
| ................. | Erdmann, 700 Years of Oriental Carpets (1970) Ushaks |
| ................. | Erdmann, Oriental Carpets (1962) 52; Ushak carpets |
| ................. | Erdmann, Early Turkish Carpet (1977) 36; Ushak carpets |
| ................. | King and Sylvester, Eastern Carpet in the Western World (1983) 77; Ushak prayer rugs; 20; Ushak rugs; 70; Ushak carpets |
| ................. | Mackie, Splendor of Turkish Weaving (1973) 17; Ushak prayer rugs; 16; Ushaks |
| ................. | Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts (1975) 117, needs diacritics; Usak rugs |
| ................. | Pinner and Denny, Oriental Carpet and Textile Studies II (1986) 68, needs diacritics; Usak carpets; 124; Ushak carpets |
| ................. | Ettinghausen et al., Prayer Rugs (1974) 27; Ushak prayer rugs |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules rugs, Ushak prayer; carpets, Ushak; needs diacritics; carpets, Usak; rugs, Ushak; rugs, Usak |
| ................. | Personal Communication Carol Bier, Curator, Textile Museum, WaDC, 10/92.; Ushak carpets |
| ................. | Bureau AAT, RKD |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300244125
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300244125
聯合目錄： 烏沙克 、wu sha k'o 、wū shā kè 、wu sha ke 、Ushak 、Usak 、Ouchak 、Oushak 、Ushak 、Ushak 、Usak
聯合目錄： 烏沙克 、wu sha k'o 、wū shā kè 、wu sha ke 、Ushak 、Usak 、Ouchak 、Oushak 、Ushak 、Ushak 、Usak
引用：
[烏沙克 Ushak(編號300244125)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300244125（2024/11/13瀏覽）。