| 英文.... | Jousts developed in Germany, fought with lances furnished with sharp pointed heads. |
| 荷蘭語.... | Steekspelen die in Duitsland zijn ontstaan waarbij wordt gevochten met scherpe, gepunte lansen. |
| 西班牙語.... | Justa desarrollada en Alemania, peleada con lanzas equipadas con afiladas cabezas puntiagudas. |
| Scharfrennen............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Edge and Paddock, Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight (1988) 164 |
| ................. | Blair, European Armour (1958) 162 |
| ................. | Tarassuk and Blair, Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Armor (1979) 41, in entry "armor" |
| ................. | TAA database (2000-) |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| jousts of war............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Edge and Paddock, Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight (1988) 164 |
| ................. | Blair, European Armour (1958) 156 |
| Rennen............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Edge and Paddock, Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight (1988) GLOS |
| ................. | Blair, European Armour (1958) IND |
| war, jousts of............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | Burgers, Middeleeuwse Geschiedenis UvA |