老式雙簧管(牧笛) bombardes
範圍註 ：
十四至十六世紀間，發展於歐洲的低音牧笛，外型長而纖細，管身略呈圓錐狀，末端為瓶狀或喇叭狀的號口，六個指孔分別以三個一組。後來所發展出的樣式，則至少具一個按鍵。
詞彙 ：
老式雙簧管(牧笛) (P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
彭馬管(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
lao shih shuang huang kuan (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
lǎo shì shuāng huáng guǎn (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
lao shi shuang huang guan(P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
bombards(shawms) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,PN)
bombard(shawm) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
bombardes(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
bombardes(,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
bombarde(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
bombarda(shawn) (P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,SN)
彭馬管(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
lao shih shuang huang kuan (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
lǎo shì shuāng huáng guǎn (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
lao shi shuang huang guan(P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
bombards(shawms) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,PN)
bombard(shawm) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
bombardes(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
bombardes(,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
bombarde(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
bombarda(shawn) (P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,SN)
層面/層級編碼： V.TT
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....物件層面........裝備與設備............聲音裝置 (層級名)................<依音響特性區分之聲音裝置>....................氣鳴樂器........................簧樂器............................簧管樂器 (密閉氣鳴樂器)................................<雙簧樂器>....................................<雙簧樂器：具圓錐形內管>........................................蕭姆管 (雙簧管前身)
............................................老式雙簧管 (牧笛)
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | Low-pitched shawms developed in Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries, being long and slender with a narrow, slightly conical bore ending in a bottle-shaped or flared bell, six fingerholes in two groups of three, and, later in its development, at least one key. |
| 荷蘭語.... | Lange, slanke, laag gestemde schalmeien met een smalle, licht conische boring en een flesvormige of gerende klankbeker, zes vingergaten in twee groepen van drie en soms met één of meer kleppen; ontwikkeld in Europa tussen de 14e- en 16e eeuw. |
| 西班牙語.... | Shawms de tono bajo desarrollados en Europa entre los siglos XIV y XVI, largos y delgados con un diámetro interior estrecho y ligeramente cónico terminando en una campana en forma de botella o de contorno expandido, seis orificios para los dedos en dos grupos de tres y, más tarde en su desarrollo, al menos una llave. |
來源與貢獻者：
| 老式雙簧管(牧笛)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 黎明音樂辭典 239 |
| bombards(shawms)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Marcuse, Musical Instruments Dictionary (1975) definition source; bombards |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) bombards |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| ................. | Personal Communication C. Karp, Naturhistorika Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden, 12/91; bombards |
| ................. | Candidate term Candidate comment -- BATEMI -- 3/94; change scope note. |
| bombard(shawm)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| bombardes............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Bessaraboff, Ancient European Musical Instruments (1944) IND |
| ................. | Diagram Group, Musical Instruments of the World (1976) illustration, 44 |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| bombarde............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| bombarda(shawn)............ | [CDBP-DIBAM] |
| ................. | Randel, Diccionario Harvard de Música (1997) |
| ................. | Tranchefort, Los Instrumentos Musicales (1994) |
| Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | Encyclopedie van muziekinstrumenten (1977) |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300205163
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300205163
聯合目錄： 老式雙簧管 、彭馬管 、lao shih shuang huang kuan 、lǎo shì shuāng huáng guǎn 、lao shi shuang huang guan 、bombards 、bombard 、bombardes 、bombardes 、bombarde 、bombarda
聯合目錄： 老式雙簧管 、彭馬管 、lao shih shuang huang kuan 、lǎo shì shuāng huáng guǎn 、lao shi shuang huang guan 、bombards 、bombard 、bombardes 、bombardes 、bombarde 、bombarda
引用：
[老式雙簧管(牧笛) bombardes(編號300205163)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300205163（2025/12/21瀏覽）。