萃取自各種太平洋、印度洋及日本海中之紅藻綱物種的膠狀多醣物質，含有瓊脂糖與瓊脂膠，具有極強的親水性，可吸附其本身重量20倍以上的冷水。洋菜可溶於熱水中，並在冷卻時形成凝固的清澈膠凍，但膠凍經過脫水乾燥後，體積會明顯縮小。最常見的用途是作為培養細菌、真菌的培養基，洋菜也曾用於織物與紙張的上膠，也可在食品、相片、齒模材料、化妝品、膠黏劑中作為乳化劑；在英國則用洋菜製作實驗性質的合成網紗狀纖維。洋菜一般製成以下形式：乾燥餅塊狀、粗粒、長條及薄片，商用洋菜的主要來源是日本、紐西蘭、澳洲、俄羅斯及美國。相傳，洋菜最早是西元十七世紀中期在日本被發現的。

瓊脂(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
洋菜(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
洋菜膠(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
瓊膠(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
寒天(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
菜燕(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
ch'iung chih (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
qiong zhi (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
qiong zhi (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
agar(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
agar(P,,U,Italian-偏好,D,U,U)
agars(,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
agal-agal(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
agar-agar(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
agar-agar(,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
agar-agar(,U,Italian-非偏好,UF,U,U)
agar-agar(,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
plantaardige gelatine(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,UF,U,U)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依成分區分之材料>
....................有機材料
........................瓊脂

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依形式區分之材料>
....................<依物理形式區分之材料>
........................膠體 (微粒材料)
............................凝膠 (膠體)
................................瓊脂

derived from....

紅藻綱(綱)

英文....	Gelatinous polysaccharide substance extracted from various species of Rhodophyceae red seaweed, that grow in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Japan Sea. Agar contains agarose and agaropectin. It is strongly hydrophilic and can absorb over 20 times its own weight in cold water. Agar dissolves in hot water and forms a stiff, clear jelly upon cooling. However, when agar films are desiccated, they shrink significantly. Most commonly used as a media for culturing bacteria and fungi, agar has also been used for sizing textiles and paper, as an emulsifying agent in foodstuffs, photographs, dental mold materials, cosmetics, and adhesives, to make an experimental synthetic gauzelike fabric in England. Agar is available in dried cakes, coarse granules, long strips, and thin sheets. The primary commercial sources for agar are Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Russia, and the United States. According to legend, agar was first discovered in the mid-17th century in Japan.
荷蘭語....	Een gelatineachtig zeewierextract.
西班牙語....	Extracto gelatinoso de algas marinas.

瓊脂............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 December 14, 2009
.................	牛津當代大辭典 30
.................	大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 March 6, 2012
洋菜............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 March 6, 2012
.................	大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 March 6, 2012
agar............	[VP]
.................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.................	Andrews, Living Materials (1983) 61
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
.................	Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987)
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
.................	ICCD database (1988-)
.................	Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) accessed 27 April 2007
agars............	[VP]
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules
agal-agal............	[VP]
.................	Haberstich, Photographs Thesaurus for SIBIS (1988)
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
agar-agar............	[VP]
.................	Haberstich, Photographs Thesaurus for SIBIS (1988)
.................	Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1977)
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
.................	Woodbury, Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Photography (1979) 16
.................	Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987)
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
.................	Moliner, Diccionario de uso del español (2004) I:83
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
plantaardige gelatine............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)

Getty AAT: 300130954 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300130954
聯合目錄： 瓊脂 、洋菜 、洋菜膠 、瓊膠 、寒天 、菜燕 、ch'iung chih 、qiong zhi 、qiong zhi 、agar 、agars 、agal-agal 、agar-agar 、agar-agar 、plantaardige gelatine 、agar 、agar-agar 、agar-agar