| 英文.... | Refers to rulers or leaders of clans, tribes, or other groups. The term typically carries the connotation of rulers who are also military leaders. |
| 荷蘭語.... | Verwijst naar heersers of leiders van clans, stammen of andere groepen. De heersers waarnaar de term verwijst, zijn vaak ook militaire leiders. |
| 西班牙語.... | Se refiere a líderes o cabezas de grupos, especialmente en clanes y tribus. |
| 首領............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 朗文當代大辭典 p. 287 |
| ................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 September 22, 2011 |
| ................. | 時代雙解大辭典 p. 310 |
| 酋長............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 朗文當代大辭典 p. 287 |
| ................. | 時代雙解大辭典 p. 310 |
| shou ling............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | TELDAP database (2009-) |
| shǒu lǐng............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | TELDAP database (2009-) |
| chieftains............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
| chieftain............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| ................. | American Heritage Dictionary (1982) 265 |
| chieftain's............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| chieftains'............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| hoofdmannen............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| hoofdman............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| jefaturas(tribus)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| jefatura(tribu)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Alcina Franch, Diccionario de Arqueología (1998) 430 |
| Subject:............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | Bureau AAT, RKD |