英文.... | Refers to painters; usage is generally limited to painters of miniatures or of portraits. Usage is slightly different depending upon the period of art cited. For art of the European Middle Ages, the term refers to manuscript illuminators, who were creating miniature paintings and other decoration. For art from the 16th to the 19th century, the term typically refers to painters of miniatures, particularly miniature portraits. In Colonial and 19th-century America, it generally refers to itinerant painters who were trained craftsmen and naive portrait painters, producing both miniatures and full-size portraits. |
荷蘭語.... | Verwijst naar schilders, doorgaans alleen van miniaturen of portretten. Afhankelijk van de vermelde kunstperiode is er een klein verschil in gebruik van de term. Voor kunst uit de Europese middeleeuwen verwijst de term naar verluchters van manuscripten die miniatuurschilderingen en andere decoraties vervaardigden. Voor kunst uit de 16de tot de 19de eeuw verwijst de term meestal naar schilders van miniaturen, in het bijzonder miniatuurportretten. In het koloniale en 19de-eeuwse Amerika verwijst ‘limners’ doorgaans naar rondreizende schilders die getrainde vakmensen waren en naïeve portretschilders, die zowel miniaturen maakten als portretten op ware grootte. |
西班牙語.... | Se refiere a pintores y usualmente se refiere específicamente a pintores de retratos. Con respecto a la pintura británica de los siglo XV y XVI, el término se refiere a pintores de retratos en miniatura. Con respecto a la América Colonial, tipicamente se refiere a pintores de retratos en general. El término antiguamente también se refería a iluminadores de manuscritos. |
畫匠............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | 藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 253 |
................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 December 20, 2011 |
................. | 大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 December 20, 2011 |
畫師(微型肖像畫)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | 藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 253 |
................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 December 20, 2011 |
................. | 大英視覺藝術百科全書 Vol. 9,pp. 183 |
hua chiang............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | TELDAP database (2009-) |
huà jiàng............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | TELDAP database (2009-) |
hua jiang............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | TELDAP database (2009-) |
limners............ | [VP] |
................. | Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) |
................. | Oxford English Dictionary (1961) |
................. | Random House Library of Painting and Sculpture (1981) Vol. I |
................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) 1313 |
................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
limner............ | [VP] |
................. | Oxford English Dictionary (1989) |
................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
................. | Lucie-Smith, Diccionario de Términos de Arte (1997) 118 |
................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
limner's............ | [VP] |
................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
limners'............ | [VP] |
................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
Subject:............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | Bureau AAT, RKD |