一種半透明或不透明，像玻璃、瓷器般的塗層，以熔解方式塗在金屬、玻璃或陶器上，變硬後擁有光滑的外觀。典型而言，琺瑯是由粉狀的易熔玻璃(例如：石英、長石、黏土、蘇打以及月石)和不透明的著色劑(例如：鈷製的深藍色顏料、錫氧化物)與油或水混合而成，然後塗繪或噴灑在物件上，再以高達攝氏八百度的火烘製。琺瑯是用來保護一個表面、用多種顏色及圖案裝飾物件、為了上釉燒入彩色法而形成一個表面，以及做為其他用途。

琺瑯(熔合塗層)　(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
搪瓷(琺瑯)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
fa lang (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,,)
fà láng (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,,)
fa lang (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,,)
enamel(fused coating)　(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
enamels(fused coatings)　(,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
inorganic enamel(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
Emaille(P,,U,German-偏好,D,U,N)
email(materiaal)　(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
emaille(materiaal)　(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,UF,U,N)
émail(fused coating)　(P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,N)
émails(fused coatings)　(,U,法語-非偏好,AD,U,N)
esmalte(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依功能區分之材料>
....................塗層 (材料)
........................<依成分或來源區分之塗層>
............................琺瑯 (熔合塗層)

user(s) are....	琺瑯匠
activity/event needing/produced by is....	上釉
object(s) using/produced by are....	搪瓷(視覺作品)

英文....	A semi-transparent or opaque vitreous, porcelain-like coating applied by fusion to metal, glass, or ceramic, having a glossy appearance after hardening. Enamel is typically made from powdered fusible glasses (e.g., quartz, feldspar, clay, soda, and borax) and opaque colorants (e.g., cobalt blue, tin oxide) mixed with oil or water, then painted or sprayed on the object and fired up to 800 C. Enamel is used to protect a surface, to decorate objects in various colors and patterns, to form a surface for encaustic painting, and for other purposes.
荷蘭語....	Een meestal ondoorzichtig, glasachtig deklaagje hoofdzakelijk bestaande uit kwarts, veldspaat, klei, natriumcarbonaat en borax, dat door inbranding wordt aangebracht op ondergronden van met name metaal, keramiek of glas; het glanst als het hard is geworden.
西班牙語....	Sustancia de revestimiento habitualmente opaca y vítrea compuesta fundamentalmente de cuarzo, feldespato, arcilla, soda y bórax, aplicada por fusión a superficies tales como metal, cerámica o vidrio. Tiene un aspecto brillante al endurecerse.

琺瑯(熔合塗層)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	朗文當代大辭典 561
.................	藝術名詞與技法辭典 154
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 July 24, 2009
.................	牛津當代大辭典 575
.................	世界藝術史 892
.................	大英視覺藝術百科全書 Vol. 9, 178
搪瓷(琺瑯)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	藝術名詞與技法辭典 154
enamel(fused coating)............	[VP]
.................	Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1977) 277
.................	Museum Prototype Project, Medium of Objects Frequency Report (1985)
.................	Putnam and Carlson, Architectural and Building Trades Dictionary (1974)
.................	RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982)
.................	RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
.................	Tate Gallery, Completing the Picture (1982)
.................	Worcester Art Museum Library, List of subject headings, unpub. (1976)
enamels(fused coatings)............	[VP]
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules enamels
inorganic enamel............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
Emaille............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
email(materiaal)............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
emaille(materiaal)............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
émail(fused coating)............	[VP]
.................	CHIN database
émails(fused coatings)............	[VP]
.................	Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (1997-)
esmalte............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	Mayer, Materiales y técnicas del arte, 1985 158
.................	Grech, Diccionario plurilingüe de términos de arqutectura y construcción (1998) 90
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) Enamel and enamelling
.................	RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) precoor.; Canton enamel; Limoges enamel; enamel, British; Roman enamel; Battersea enamel; Gothic enamel; Baroque enamel; Enamel, Chinese; Medieval enamel; Byzantine enamel; Romanesque enamel; Anglo-Saxon enamel; Carolingian enamel; Renaissance enamel; Merovingian enamel; Georgian (Transcaucasia) enamel
.................	CHIN database
.................	Bureau AAT, RKD

Getty AAT: 300014910 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300014910
聯合目錄： 琺瑯 、搪瓷 、fa lang 、fà láng 、fa lang 、enamel 、enamels 、inorganic enamel 、Emaille 、email 、emaille 、émail 、émails 、esmalte