由三葉膠屬與銀膠菊屬喬木的樹脂狀乳膠所形成的天然碳氫化合物。要製備天然橡膠，需先在樹皮割出切口以收集乳膠，接著加入酸凝固，然後洗滌再乾燥。橡膠相當有彈性，過去被用來製作滾球、鞋底、膠黏劑、彈跳球等，但冷卻後的橡膠會變得脆弱，加溫則會變得濕黏。在合成樹脂研發之前，未硫化的橡膠被用來製作膠帶以及生膠鞋底。1839年，查爾斯．固特異發現橡膠可經由硫化處理而硬化，在此過程中，硫可以促使碳氫鏈交叉結合，較高的硫含量可製出較硬且較緊密的材料。硫化橡膠可用於製作橡皮筋、泡沫橡膠、織物塗料、小型物件、梳子、筆以及樂器，但是在日光照射或加熱後會釋出硫，因而導致橡膠劣化而變得脆弱。自西元十九世紀起，開始在橡膠硫化過程中加入少許的蠟，蠟可緩慢移至表面而形成保護的薄層以防止氧化。

橡膠(材料)　(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
橡皮(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
hsiang chiao(P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
xiàng jiāo (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
xiang jiao(P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
rubber(material)　(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
rubber(materiaal)　(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
rubbers(materials)　(,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,N)
natural rubber(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
caoutchouc(material traitées)　(P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,N)
caoutchouc naturel(material traitées)　(,U,法語-非偏好,UF,U,U)
goma elástica(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依成分區分之材料>
....................有機材料
........................樹脂
............................<膠樹脂與膠樹脂產品>
................................<膠樹脂產品>
....................................橡膠 (材料)

distinguished from....	馬來樹膠
material used/producing is....	生橡膠(樹脂)
derived from....	三葉膠屬(屬)
derived from....	銀膠菊屬(屬)

英文....	A natural hydrocarbon polymer formed from the resinous latex of trees of the Hevea and Parthenium genera. To prepare natural rubber, the latex is collected from a cut in the bark, precipitated with acid, then washed and dried. Rubber is very elastic and was used for bowls, shoe soles, adhesives, and bouncy balls. However, when cooled, rubber becomes brittle and when warmed it becomes sweaty and tacky. Prior to the development of synthetic resins, unvulcanized rubber was used for adhesive tapes and crepe shoe soles. In 1839, Charles Goodyear discovered that rubber can be hardened with the vulcanization process in which sulfur is used to initiate crosslinking of the hydrocarbon strands. Higher sulfur content produces a harder, denser material. Vulcanized rubber is used to make rubber bands, foams, fabric coatings, small objects, combs, pens, and musical instruments. Vulcanized rubber, however, will emit sulfur when exposed to light or heat causing the rubber to degrade and become brittle. Since the 19th century, small amounts of wax have been added to the rubber during vulcanization. The wax slowly migrates to the surface and provides a thin layer of protection from oxidation.
荷蘭語....	Product dat wordt gewonnen door het verwerken van het melkachtige sap van verschillende tropische bomen en andere planten, 'caoutchouc' genaamd. Geproduceerd in verschillende maten van hardheid en gewaardeerd om de elastische eigenschappen.
西班牙語....	Producto obtenido al procesar la savia lechosa de varios árboles y plantas tropicales, llamadas "caucho" y que se produce con diferentes grados de dureza. Apreciado por su elasticidad.

橡膠(材料)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	玻璃陶瓷名詞辭典 267
rubber(material)............	[VP]
.................	Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (1975) 416; rubber
.................	National Museum of American Art, Media Thesaurus (1980s) rubber
.................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) rubber
.................	Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1986) 688; rubber
.................	Oxford English Dictionary (1989) rubber
.................	Museum Prototype Project, Medium of Objects Frequency Report (1985) rubber
.................	Stein, Construction Glossary (1980) 264; rubber
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) rubber
.................	AATA database (1995-) 128371 checked 26 January 2012
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
rubbers(materials)............	[VP]
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules
natural rubber............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
caoutchouc(material traitées)............	[VP]
.................	CHIN database
caoutchouc naturel(material traitées)............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
goma elástica............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	Rico y Martínez, Diccionario Técnico Akal de conservación y restauración de bienes culturales, español-alemán-inglés-italiano-francés (2003) 646
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	CHIN database
.................	AATA database (1995-) 128371 checked 26 January 2012
.................	Polytechnisch woordenboek En-Ne (1991)

Getty AAT: 300012941 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300012941
聯合目錄： 橡膠 、橡皮 、hsiang chiao 、xiàng jiāo 、xiang jiao 、rubber 、rubbers 、natural rubber 、rubber 、caoutchouc 、caoutchouc naturel 、goma elástica