各種硬質天然樹脂的總稱，係直接取自孿葉豆屬與貝殼杉屬的各種熱帶喬木。堅硬、半透明的芳香樹脂物質為柯巴脂的特徵，其聚合作用和硬化程度介於膠狀樹脂與琥珀之間。柯巴脂含有瓔柏酸（communic acids）、可母尼醇（communol）、氧化樹脂（resene）以及易揮發的油脂，顏色範圍由無色到鮮黃棕色。此詞彙最早用於指稱產自墨西哥的此種物質，但現今亦有產於巴西、西印度群島、西非、莫三比克、桑吉巴、馬達加斯加、印度、馬尼拉、法屬新喀里多尼亞及紐西蘭等地者，其中又以東非所產的柯巴脂價值最高，尤其是部分化石化的變種。柯巴脂可用作為薰香、香料、藥品，也可用來製作清漆、亮光漆、膠黏劑和塗層。

柯巴脂(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
硬樹脂(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
岩樹脂(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
化石樹膠(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
蜜蠟(樹脂)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
k'o pa shu chih (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
kē bā shù zhī (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ke ba shu zhi (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
copal(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,SN)
copal(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
copals(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,PN)
copal resin(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
kopal(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依成分區分之材料>
....................有機材料
........................樹脂
............................柯巴脂

derived from....	孿葉豆屬(屬)
derived from....	貝殼杉屬(屬)

英文....	General term for a variety of hard, natural resins obtained directly from various tropical trees of the genera Hymenaea and Agathis. Copal is a characterized as a hard, translucent odoriferous resinous substance in an intermediate stage of polymerization and hardening between gummy resins and amber. Copals contain communic acids, communol, resene, and volatile oil. They range in color from colorless to a bright yellow-brown. The term was first applied to the substance obtained from Mexico; but copal is now procured also from Brazil, the West Indies, West Africa, Mozambique and Zanzibar, Madagascar, India, Manila, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Copal from East Africa is most highly valued, particularly the partially fossilized varieties. Copal is used as incense, flavoring, medicines, and in making varnish, lacquer, adhesive, and coatings.
荷蘭語....	Een algemene benaming voor fossiele en andere harde hars die wordt gevonden in bijna alle tropische landen en wordt gebruikt voor het maken van vernis, lak, hechtmiddelen en deklagen.
西班牙語....	Nombre general para la resina fósil y dura que se encuentra en casi todos los países tropicales y se utiliza para fabricar barnices, lacas, adhesivos y revestimientos.

柯巴脂............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	藝術名詞與技法辭典 114
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 December 18, 2009
.................	牛津當代大辭典 375
.................	大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 October 03, 2011
硬樹脂............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 October 03, 2011
.................	寶石學 206
岩樹脂............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	藝術名詞與技法辭典 114
化石樹膠............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	AAT-Taiwan 借詞編輯與使用原則 (2013)
蜜蠟(樹脂)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	AAT-Taiwan 借詞編輯與使用原則 (2013)
copal............	[VP]
.................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.................	Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1977) 212
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) 502
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
.................	Moliner, Diccionario de uso del español (2004) I:761
.................	Robb, Diccionario para Ingenieros (1979) 95
.................	AATA database (1995-) 122287 checked 26 January 2012
copals............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
copal resin............	[VP]
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules
kopal............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AATA database (1995-) 122287 checked 26 January 2012
.................	Polytechnisch woordenboek En-Ne (1991)

Getty AAT: 300012910 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300012910
聯合目錄： 柯巴脂 、硬樹脂 、岩樹脂 、化石樹膠 、蜜蠟 、k'o pa shu chih 、kē bā shù zhī 、ke ba shu zhi 、copal 、copals 、copal resin 、kopal 、copal