指長或寬的地面範圍，以挖溝或掘坑的方式將其中的土移除。若為垂直或深入地下，用以汲取液體的實用性凹穴，則稱之為「井」。至於淺而寬闊，用以採掘原物料或埋葬用的地面凹穴，則用「地坑」。

挖方(土工)　(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
wa fang (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
wā fāng (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
wa fang (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
cuts(earthworks)　(P,,U,美式英語-偏好,D,U,PN)
cut(earthwork)　(,U,美式英語-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
cuttings(earthworks)　(,U,British English-非偏好,UF,U,N)
geulen(aardwerken)　(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
geul(aardwerk)　(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
hoyas(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,PN)
hoya(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,SN)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....物件層面
........建築環境 (層級名)
............單一建築作品 (層級名)
................<單一建築作品 (建築環境)>
....................<依特定種類區分之單一建築作品>
........................<依地點位置或背景脈絡區分之單一建築作品>
............................<依地點位置區分之單一建築作品：地形地貌>
................................土方工程
....................................挖方 (土工)

meaning/usage overlaps with....	隱籬
distinguished from....	井(結構)
distinguished from....	地坑

英文....	Refers to long or wide areas of land from which earth has been removed, usually by trenching or excavating. For vertical or deep utilitarian cavities into the earth to extract liquids, use "wells." For shallow wide cavities into the earth for materials extraction or burial, use "pits."
荷蘭語....	Plaatsen waar de bodem uitgegraven is. VDW.

挖方(土工)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 February 6, 2012
cuts(earthworks)............	[VP]
.................	Roberts, Construction Industry Thesaurus (1976)
.................	Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (1975)
.................	Smit, Means Illustrated Construction Dictionary (1985)
.................	Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
.................	Random House Unabridged Dictionary (1993)
cut(earthwork)............	[VP]
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules
cuttings(earthworks)............	[VP]
.................	Roberts, Construction Industry Thesaurus (1976)
.................	ROOT Thesaurus (1981)
geulen(aardwerken)............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
geul(aardwerk)............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
hoyas............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	Comité, Plural del término en singular
hoya............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	Diccionario de la Lengua Española (1992)
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)

Getty AAT: 300008021 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300008021
聯合目錄： 挖方 、wa fang 、wā fāng 、wa fang 、cuts 、cut 、cuttings 、geulen 、geul 、hoyas 、hoya