AAT-Taiwan 藝術與建築索引典

狀態：NP(TV) 編號：300005947 詞彙類型：概念

石棺(棺材) sarcophagi(coffins)

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範圍註：

以石材或赤土製造的棺材，通常飾有雕塑或雕刻，且尺寸足以容納整付軀體。古代的石棺常飾以大量浮雕，對文藝復興時期的藝術家影響深遠。許多石棺也在巴洛克和新古典主義時期建造。據古羅馬作家普林尼（Pliny）解釋，該詞（希臘語「食肉」之意）的起源特別指用於指稱特洛阿德（Troad）（特洛伊附近地區）所出產的石灰棺材，據信其能令屍體迅速分解；更有可能的解釋是，本詞彙用於指各種不同的宗教與民俗觀念，致使將任何棺材稱為肉食者。本詞彙後來成為羅馬帝國時期之任何大型石棺的統稱，現在則通常用以指任何時期或地區的大型、裝飾華麗的石製棺材。

詞彙：

石棺(棺材)　(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
石柩(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
棺墓(棺槨)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
shih kuan (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
shí guān (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
shi guan (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
sarcophagi(coffins)　(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,PN)
sarcophagus(,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
sarcophaguses(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
sarcofagen(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
sarcofaag(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
sarcophages(P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,PN)
sarcophage(,U,法語-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
sarcofagi(P,,U,Italian-偏好,D,U,PN)
sarcofago(,U,Italian-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
sarkophagos(,U,Greek-非偏好,UF,U,U)
sarcófagos(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,PN)
sarcófago(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
tumba con figura yacente(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,UF,U,N)

層面/層級編碼： V.TQ

層級架構：

藝術與建築詞典根目錄

....物件層面

........裝備與設備

............容器 (層級名)

................容器 (貯藏器)

....................<依功能或使用情境區分之容器>

........................儀式容器

............................<葬墓容器>

................................棺材

....................................石棺 (棺材)

其他範圍註：

英文....	Coffins made of stone or terracotta, generally ornamented with sculpture or carving and of a size large enough to contain the entire body. Antique examples were often extensively decorated with relief sculpture, which were highly influential on Renaissance artists. Many sarcophagi were also produced in the Baroque and Neoclassical eras. Pliny explains that the derivation of the word ("flesh eating" in Greek) refers specifically to coffins of limestone from the Troad (the region around Troy), which was believed to cause rapid dissolving of the body; more probably, the term refers to various religious and folkloristic ideas that resulted in calling any coffin a body eater. The word came into general use as the name for any large stone coffin in imperial Rome, and is now generally used to refer to large, ornate stone coffins from any period or place.
荷蘭語....	Stenen doodisten, vaak versierd met beeldhouwwerk en meestal bijgezet in een kerk, gewelf of tombe.
法語....	Cuve destinée à recevoir un ou plusieurs corps. Fermé d'un couvercle qui a parfois disparu, le sarcophage est en pierre, en terre cuite ou en plâtre. Il comporte parfois un décor sculpté.
....	Arca sepolcrale destinata a ricevere uno o più defunti. Chiusa da un coperchio, spesso rimosso, è in pietra, terracotta o gesso e talora presenta una decorazione scolpita.
西班牙語....	Féretros hechos de piedra o arcilla, a menudo decorados con esculturas, y generalmente ubicados en una iglesia, cripta o tumba.

來源與貢獻者：

石棺(棺材)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	劍橋藝術史－希臘與羅馬 138
.................	大英視覺藝術百科全書 Vol. 9, 190
石柩............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	世界建築經典圖鑑 334
棺墓(棺槨)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	劍橋藝術史－文藝復興 112
sarcophagi(coffins)............	[VP]
.................	Brilliant, Roman Art (1974) illustration, 89, illus. p. 96
.................	Dinsmoor, Architecture of Ancient Greece (1975) 144
.................	Kurtz and Boardman, Greek Burial Customs (1971) IND
.................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.................	Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts (1975) illustration
.................	Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
.................	RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990)
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
.................	Avery Index (1963-)
.................	Haggar, Concise Encyclopedia of Continental Pottery (1960)
.................	Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987)
.................	BHA Subject Headings (1985-)
.................	Candidate term Candidate term - MCGILL - 10/20/92.
.................	Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (2000-)
.................	Grove Art Online (2008-)
sarcophagus............	[VP]
.................	Boethius, Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture (1978) GLOS
.................	Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (1975) 423
.................	Ward-Perkins, Roman Imperial Architecture (1985) GLOS
.................	New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967-1979) illustration
.................	Chenhall, Revised Nomenclature (1988)
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
.................	Candidate term Candidate term - CCA - 07/21/92.
sarcophaguses............	[VP]
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961)
.................	Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987)
sarcofagen............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
sarcofaag............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
sarcophages............	[VP]
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules
sarcophage............	[VP]
.................	Boily et al., Religious Objects (1994) 90
sarcofagi............	[VP]
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules
sarcofago............	[VP]
.................	ICCD database (1988-)
sarkophagos............	[VP]
.................	Grove Art Online (2008-)
sarcófagos............	[VP]
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules
sarcófago............	[VP]
.................	Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (2000-)
.................	Meyer, Manual de Ornamentación (2004) 761
.................	Oxford-Duden Pictorial Spanish and English Dictionary (1995)
.................	Instituto Colombiano de Cultura, Bienes Culturales Muebles - Manual para Inventario (1991) 147
tumba con figura yacente............	[VP]
.................	Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (2000-)
.................	Oxford-Duden Pictorial Spanish and English Dictionary (1995)
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	Boily et al., Religious Objects (1994) 90
.................	RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) precoor.; Roman sarcophagi; Medieval sarcophagi; Byzantine sarcophagi; Romanesque sarcophagi; Visigothic sarcophagi; Carolingian sarcophagi; Merovingian sarcophagi; Late Antique sarcophagi; Early Christian sarcophagi
.................	Avery Index (1963-) precoor.; Sarcophagi--Early Christian
.................	Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994)

外部連結：

Getty AAT: 300005947 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300005947
聯合目錄：石棺、石柩、棺墓、shih kuan 、shí guān 、shi guan 、sarcophagi 、sarcophagus 、sarcophaguses 、sarcofagen 、sarcofaag 、sarcophages 、sarcophage 、sarcofagi 、sarcofago 、sarkophagos 、sarcófagos 、sarcófago 、tumba con figura yacente

引用：

[石棺(棺材) sarcophagi(coffins)(編號300005947)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300005947（2024/11/22瀏覽）。