桁架(桁架構造) trusses(structural elements)
範圍註 ：
在工程學上，基於三角形的結構不易因應力而變形的原理，結構構材通常由直條的金屬或木材作為樑、鋼筋或桿等，組裝形成單一平面上一系列的三角形。桁架大約是公元前2500年的青銅器時代初期首次被用於原始湖上住屋，最初的桁架是以木材建造的。希臘人將桁架廣泛使用於屋面上；於中世紀的歐洲，桁架被用於各式建築目的。19世紀初期美國地區覆蓋橋的發展致使桁架設計的進步。鋼取代鑄鐵與熟鐵用於建造鐵路桁架橋。桁架亦被廣泛用於機器設備上，如起重機。
詞彙 ：
桁架(桁架構造) (P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
heng chia (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,,)
héng jià (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,,)
heng jia (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,,)
trusses(structural elements) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,PN)
truss(structural element) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
spanten(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
spant(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
gebinten(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,UF,U,U)
armaduras(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,PN)
armadura(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
armadura de cubierta(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,UF,U,SN)
heng chia (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,,)
héng jià (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,,)
heng jia (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,,)
trusses(structural elements) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,PN)
truss(structural element) (,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
spanten(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
spant(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
gebinten(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,UF,U,U)
armaduras(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,PN)
armadura(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
armadura de cubierta(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,UF,U,SN)
層面/層級編碼： V.PJ
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....物件層面........組件 (層級名)............成分................<依特定背景區分之組件>....................建築元素........................<結構元素與結構元素構造>............................<結構元素>................................<跨接與外伸結構元素>....................................<桁架與桁架構造>
........................................桁架 (桁架構造)
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | In engineering, structural members such as beams, bars, or rods, usually fabricated from straight pieces of metal or timber, that form a series of triangles lying in a single plane; based on the principle that a triangle cannot be easily distorted by stress. Trusses were probably first used in primitive lake dwellings during the early Bronze Age, about 2500 BCE. The first trusses were built of timber. The Greeks used trusses extensively in roofing; trusses were used for various construction purposes in the European Middle Ages. A major impetus to truss design came in the development of covered bridges in the United States in the early 19th century. Cast iron and wrought iron were succeeded by steel for railroad truss bridges. Trusses are also used extensively in machinery, such as cranes. |
| 荷蘭語.... | Assemblages van onderdelen (zoals balken, stangen of staven), vooral wanneer opgesteld in een driehoek of combinaties van driehoeken, om zo een onbuigzaam geraamte te vormen (om een gewicht over een groot gebied te ondersteunen), dat niet kan worden vervormd door de werking van een van buitenaf inwerkende kracht zonder dat een of meer van de onderdelen vervormen. |
| 西班牙語.... | Ensambladuras de miembros (como vigas, barras, o barras) dispuestos típicamente en un triángulo o combinaciones de triángulos para formar un marco rígido (como apoyo de una carga sobre un área) que no se puede deformar por el uso de una fuerza exterior. |
來源與貢獻者：
| 桁架(桁架構造)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 May 1, 2012 |
| ................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 May 1, 2012 |
| ................. | 台灣古建築圖解事典 194 |
| ................. | 建築學英漢辭典 439 |
| ................. | 朗文英漢雙解科技大辭典 1722 |
| trusses(structural elements)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Dictionary of Architecture and Construction (1975) illustration |
| ................. | CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
| ................. | RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) |
| ................. | RILA, Subject Headings (1975-1990) Trusses (Architecture) |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
| ................. | Avery Index (1963-) |
| ................. | AATA database (1995-) 129997 checked 26 January 2012 |
| ................. | Nomenclature 3.0 for Museum Cataloging (2010) |
| ................. | Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) |
| truss(structural element)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) |
| spanten............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| spant............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| gebinten............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| armaduras............ | [CDBP-DIBAM] |
| ................. | Comité, Plural del término en singular |
| armadura............ | [CDBP-DIBAM] |
| ................. | Putnam y Carlson, Diccionario de Arquitectura, Construcción y Obras Públicas (1998) 515 |
| armadura de cubierta............ | [CDBP-DIBAM] |
| ................. | Robb, Diccionario para Ingenieros (1979) |
| Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982) precoor.; Roofs: trusses |
| ................. | AATA database (1995-) 129997 checked 26 January 2012 |
| ................. | Bureau AAT, RKD |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300001892
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300001892
聯合目錄： 桁架 、heng chia 、héng jià 、heng jia 、trusses 、truss 、spanten 、spant 、gebinten 、armaduras 、armadura 、armadura de cubierta
聯合目錄： 桁架 、heng chia 、héng jià 、heng jia 、trusses 、truss 、spanten 、spant 、gebinten 、armaduras 、armadura 、armadura de cubierta
引用：
[桁架(桁架構造) trusses(structural elements)(編號300001892)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300001892（2024/11/22瀏覽）。