樹木等植物上面的贅瘤，主要由癭蜂屬昆蟲造成，通常可見於歐洲和近東的櫟屬沒食子櫟，以及中國和日本的漆樹屬鹽膚木。當癭蜂在樹枝上產卵，容納蟲卵的核果狀口袋就形成蟲癭，蟲癭會隨著幼蟲發育逐漸增長，長大後的成蟲會從蟲癭內鑽洞遁出。所有蟲癭都包含36%至60%的鞣質，在成蟲脫離前摘下之藍綠色蟲癭的鞣酸含量最為豐富。人類千百年來即以鞣質做為皮革的植物鞣劑；樹癭若加上硫酸亞鐵，可製成黑色染料，單獨使用則可製成灰色染料。樹癭萃取物亦可做為製備墨水時的媒染劑。

癭(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
蟲癭(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
ying (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
yǐng (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ying (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
gall(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,SN)
galls(,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,PN)
nutgalls(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
gallnuts(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
oak apples(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
huur nuts(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
oak gall nuts(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
gall-nuts(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
Chinese gall(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
aleppo gall(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
pistacia gall(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
tamarisk gallo(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
Gallapfel(P,,U,German-偏好,D,U,U)
galappel(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
noix de galle(P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,U)
galla(plant material)　(P,,U,Italian-偏好,D,U,U)
noz de galha(P,,U,Portuguese-偏好,D,U,U)
agallas(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依來源區分之材料>
....................<生物材料>
........................植物材料
............................癭

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....物件層面
........組件 (層級名)
............成分
................<依特定背景區分之組件>
....................<生物組件>
........................<植物構造>
............................癭

source plant or animal for....

沒食子櫟(種)

英文....

Excrescences produced on trees, usually the oak species Quercus infectoria in Europe and the Near East, and on the sumac species Rhus semialata in China and Japan, by the action of insects, chiefly of the genus Cynips. Galls are formed when gall-wasp eggs are deposited on tree branches in nut-like pockets; the gall grows until the larvae are completely enveloped. The mature insect bores a hole through the gall in order to escape. All galls contain 36-60% tannins; the bluish-green galls, gathered before the insect escapes, are richest in gallotannic acid. The tannins have been used for centuries for vegetable tanning of leather. When galls are combined with ferrous sulfate, a black dye is produced; alone, they produce a gray dye. Gall extract was also used as a mordant in the preparation of writing inks.

癭............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	朗文當代大辭典 708
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 May 26, 2015
蟲癭............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	朗文當代大辭典 708
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 May 26, 2015
gall............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
.................	Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-)
.................	USDA Classification online (2008-)
.................	Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)
galls............	[VP]
.................	Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-)
nutgalls............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
gallnuts............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
oak apples............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
huur nuts............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
oak gall nuts............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
gall-nuts............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
Chinese gall............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
aleppo gall............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
pistacia gall............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
tamarisk gallo............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
Gallapfel............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
galappel............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
noix de galle............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
galla(plant material)............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
noz de galha............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
agallas............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)

Getty AAT: 300375063 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300375063
聯合目錄： 癭 、蟲癭 、ying 、yǐng 、ying 、gall 、galls 、nutgalls 、gallnuts 、oak apples 、huur nuts 、oak gall nuts 、gall-nuts 、Chinese gall 、aleppo gall 、pistacia gall 、tamarisk gallo 、Gallapfel 、galappel 、noix de galle 、galla 、noz de galha 、agallas