日本建築的內部空間，，可能由禪宗僧侶的私人祭壇演變而來，用於展示敬奉物件；後發展為武士及權貴的高起座席。目前在日本住宅中，此空間最新的用途是展示插花作品和畫卷，以營造茶道氣氛，或陳列其他藝術品。

床之間(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
壁龕(日本建築)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,,)
日式壁龕(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
凹室(日本建築)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
ch'uang chih chien(P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
chuáng zhī jiān (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
chuang zhi jian (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
tokonoma(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,PN)
toko(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....物件層面
........組件 (層級名)
............成分
................<依特定背景區分之組件>
....................<建築劃分>
........................<房間與空間>
............................<依形式區分之房間與空間>
................................凹室 (房間空間)
....................................床之間

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....物件層面
........組件 (層級名)
............成分
................<依特定背景區分之組件>
....................建築元素
........................<依建築種類區分之建築元素>
............................<宗教建築之固定配置物>
................................<日本宗教建築之固定配置物>
....................................床之間

related style/period/culture is....	鎌倉時代
related style/period/culture is....	書院造

英文....	In Japanese architecture, an interior space that may have evolved historically from the private altars of Zen Buddhist monks, used for the display of devotional objects; then later as elevated seating for warriors or dignitaries. The most recent use of the space in Japanese houses is for the display of flower arrangements and scrolls that set the mood of the tea ceremony, or other art objects.

床之間............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	智慧藏百科全書網 November 08, 2013
壁龕(日本建築)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	智慧藏百科全書網 May 3, 2012
日式壁龕............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	AAT-Taiwan 借詞編輯與使用原則 (2013)
凹室(日本建築)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	AAT-Taiwan 借詞編輯與使用原則 (2013)
tokonoma............	[VP]
.................	Grove Art Online (2003-2008) accessed 11 July 2007
.................	Crouch and Johnson, Traditions in Architecture (2001) 154
.................	Fleming, Penguin Dictionary of Architecture (1999) 577
.................	Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) accessed 11 July 2007
toko............	[VP]
.................	Crouch and Johnson, Traditions in Architecture (2001) 155
Subject:............	[VP]
.................	Grove Art Online (2003-2008)
.................	Crouch and Johnson, Traditions in Architecture (2001)
.................	Fleming, Penguin Dictionary of Architecture (1999)
.................	Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)

Getty AAT: 300266672 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300266672
聯合目錄： 床之間 、壁龕 、日式壁龕 、凹室 、ch'uang chih chien 、chuáng zhī jiān 、chuang zhi jian 、tokonoma 、toko