英文.... | Decorated fans in the form of a disk or other shape made from metal, leather, precious feathers, parchment, or silk, mounted on a pole or handle, and used to keep flies and other insects away from liturgical sacrifices. They were first used in pre-Christian sacrifices and were then taken up by the Early Christians. In the Christian church, they were specially designated to keep flies away from both the priests and the Eucharistic bread and wine during liturgical ceremonies, their use having been described in the 4th-century Apostolic Constitutions: 'Let two of the deacons, on each side of the altar, hold a fan, made up of thin membranes, or of the feathers of the peacock, or of fine cloth, and let them silently drive away the small animals that fly about, that they may not come near to the cups.' Use was continued in the Latin Church to about the 14th century, and in the Greek Church to the present day. Flabelli in the shape of a fan, later morphing into an umbrella or canopy, were also used historically to designate the ranks of bishops and princes in ceremonies. Two fans of this kind are used at the Vatican whenever the Pope is carried in state. |
荷蘭語.... | Schijf of andere vorm, vervaardigd uit metaal, leer, veren of zijde, bedoeld om vliegen weg te houden bij zowel de priesters als de hostie tijdens liturgische plechtigheden. |
扇子(禮拜物件)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 2009.09.11 |
扇狀的............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | 牛津當代大辭典 659 |
flabelli............ | [VP] |
................. | Boily et al., Religious Objects (1994) 112 |
................. | Grove Art Online (2003-2008) "scheibenkreuz," accessed 13 July 2006 |
................. | Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-) accessed 13 July 2006 |
flabellum............ | [VP] |
................. | Grove Art Online (2003-2008) "scheibenkreuz," accessed 13 July 2006 |
................. | Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms [online] (2008-) accessed 9 February 2010 |
................. | Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) |
flabellums............ | [VP] |
................. | New Catholic Encyclopedia [online] (2003-) |
................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1986) |
liturgical fans............ | [VP] |
................. | Boily et al., Religious Objects (1994) 112 |
................. | Grove Art Online (2003-2008) "scheibenkruez," accessed 12 2006 |
flabella............ | [Bureau AAT] |
................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
éventail liturgiques............ | [VP] |
................. | Boily et al., Religious Objects (1994) 99 |
éventail liturgique............ | [VP] |
................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
................. | Boily et al., Religious Objects (1994) |
................. | Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-) |
................. | New Catholic Encyclopedia online (1997-2003) |
................. | Van Dale Groot Woordenboek (1998) |
................. | Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) |