英文.... | A subphylum including include fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. They are characterized by a bony or cartilaginous endoskeleton that includes a spinal column surrounding and virtually replacing the notochord as the chief stiffener of the body in locomotion. They also typically have a general body plan consisting of a head, trunk, two pairs of appendages, a postanal tail (which may be highly modified in many vertebrates and sometimes absent), bilateral symmetry, a muscular system attached to the skeleton, a digestive system with large glands, a ventral heart with two to four chambers, blood with red and white corpuscles, and two sexes that each have paired gonads. Vertebrates originated around 500 million years ago during the Cambrian period. |
脊椎動物亞門 (亞門)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
................. | 國家教育研究院-雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 September 2, 2011 |
................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 September 2, 2011 |
................. | 大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 September 2, 2011 |
................. | 脊椎動物學(上) 41 |
Vertebrata(subphylum)............ | [VP] |
................. | Encyclopedia Americana (1985) 1:872, subphylum name |
................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
................. | Random House Unabridged Dictionary (1993) under "vertebrate" entry |
................. | Animal Diversity Web (1995-) accessed 11 August 2008 |
................. | Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-) accessed 11 August 2008 |
................. | Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) accessed 11 August 2008 |
vertebrates............ | [VP] |
................. | Collier's Encyclopedia (1950) illustration, Vol. 2, 253 |
................. | Encyclopedia Americana (1985) 1:872 |
................. | CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
................. | MeSH (1979-) |
................. | Oxford English Dictionary (1989) |
................. | Judge and Toyne, Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia (1985) Vol. 2, 355, with backbone & nervous system is differentiated anteriorly into a brain housedin cranium |
................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
................. | Random House Unabridged Dictionary (1993) |
................. | Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-) |
vertebrate............ | [VP] |
................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
................. | Oxford English Dictionary Online (2002-) |
Craniata............ | [VP] |
................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
................. | Random House Unabridged Dictionary (1993) under "vertebrate" entry |
craniates............ | [VP] |
................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
vertebrate animals............ | [VP] |
................. | Strang and Dawson, Controlling Vertebrate Pests in Museums (1991) 1, theme is vertebrate pests |