AAT-Taiwan 藝術與建築索引典

狀態：NP(TV) 編號：300264342 詞彙類型：概念

雅努斯 jani

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範圍註：

在古羅馬建築中，此詞彙通常指任一端皆可封閉的廊道，這種結構物最早為「順城聖區（pomerium）」的橋樑或十字通道，但此字日後用來稱呼城門。古羅馬城門原有門柱及門楣，爾後逐漸為拱門所取代，因此後來所建的城門，也多具有拱頂造型。羅馬有數座值得一提的雅努斯拱門--最著名的應屬雅努斯‧吉米納斯門（Janus Geminus），該門為城內供奉神祇雅努斯最重要的聖祠。雅努斯‧吉米納斯門一旦關閉，就表示羅馬處於戰爭，門若開啟，則表示羅馬處於和平狀態。目前無法得知雅努斯拱門是否皆具神聖意涵，但此詞彙的確隱含宗教意味。

詞彙：

雅努斯(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
ya nu ssu (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
yǎ nǔ sī (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
ya nu si (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
jani(P,,O,英文-偏好,D,U,PN)
jani(P,,O,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
jani(P,,O,西班牙語-非偏好,UF,U,SN)
janus(,O,英文-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
iani(,V,拉丁語-非偏好,UF,U,N)
ianus(,V,拉丁語-非偏好,UF,U,N)
ianuas(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,PN)
ianua(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,SN)

層面/層級編碼： V.RK

層級架構：

藝術與建築詞典根目錄

....物件層面

........建築環境 (層級名)

............單一建築作品 (層級名)

................<單一建築作品 (建築環境)>

....................<依特定種類區分之單一建築作品>

........................<依功能區分之單一建築作品>

............................<門柵結構物>

................................雅努斯

其他層級：

藝術與建築詞典根目錄

....物件層面

........建築環境 (層級名)

............單一建築作品 (層級名)

................<單一建築作品 (建築環境)>

....................<依特定種類區分之單一建築作品>

........................<依功能區分之單一建築作品>

............................儀式結構物

................................<宗教結構物>

....................................聖祠 (結構物)

........................................雅努斯

其他範圍註：

英文....	In the context of ancient Roman architecture, this term usually refers to passageways that allowed for closure at either end. Originally these structures functioned as bridges or as crossings of the pomerium. The term was later applied to gateways and over time post-and-lintel doors were replaced by arches. Later jani were often vaulted as well. There were several noteworthy jani in Rome, most notably the Janus Geminus, the most important shrine of Janus in the city. The closed gates of the Janus Geminus signaled that Rome was at war and open gates meant that it was at peace. It is not known if all jani were considered sacred in some sense but the term certainly has some religious connotation.
荷蘭語....	In verband met de antieke Romeinse architectuur verwijst deze term doorgaans naar doorgangen die aan beide uiteinden konden worden afgesloten. Oorspronkelijk fungeerden deze constructies als bruggen of kruisingen van het pomerium. De term werd later gebruikt voor poorten en in de loop der tijd werden stijl-en-kalf-deuren vervangen door bogen. Later werden jani ook overwelfd. Er waren diverse opmerkelijke jani in Rome, waarvan de Janus Geminus de belangrijkste Janus-schrijn van de stad was. Wanneer de poorten van de Janus Geminus gesloten waren, was Rome in oorlog en wanneer ze openstonden, leefde de stad in vrede. Het is niet bekend of alle jani op de een of andere manier heiligdommen waren, maar de term heeft beslist een religieuze bijbetekenis.

來源與貢獻者：

雅努斯............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	AAT-Taiwan 借詞編輯與使用原則 (2013)
jani............	[VP]
.................	Holland, Janus and the Bridge (1961) 41
.................	TAA database (2000-)
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
janus............	[VP]
.................	Holland, Janus and the Bridge (1961) 41
iani............	[VP]
.................	MacDonald, Architecture of the Roman Empire (1986) 309
ianus............	[VP]
.................	MacDonald, Architecture of the Roman Empire (1986) 309
.................	Richardson, New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (1992) 205
ianuas............	[VP]
.................	TAA database (2000-)
ianua............	[VP]
.................	TAA database (2000-)
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	Bureau AAT, RKD

外部連結：

Getty AAT: 300264342 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300264342
聯合目錄：雅努斯、ya nu ssu 、yǎ nǔ sī 、ya nu si 、jani 、janus 、jani 、iani 、ianus 、jani 、ianuas 、ianua

引用：

[雅努斯 jani(編號300264342)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300264342（2024/11/24瀏覽）。