焦碳(瀝青) coke(bituminous)
範圍註 ：
指稱煙煤、石油與煤焦油瀝青在乾餾後所剩下的深色多孔碳化殘渣。透過在真空烤箱中加熱去除所有揮發性成分，可以將煤炭轉化成為焦炭。焦炭曾經一度作為燃燒煤炭以生產甲烷時的副產品而大量出現。由於焦炭的燃燒熱度比煤炭來得高，因此在冶金上相當有用；在鋼鐵工業中，特別是在高爐應用中，焦炭主要用於作為燃料或還原劑。在西元十七世紀時發展出將焦炭應用在冶煉的製程。此外，在西元十八與十九世紀時，焦炭也用於協助拓展鑄鐵與鋼的產量。焦炭也可以轉化為石墨。
詞彙 ：
焦碳(瀝青) (P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
煤焦(焦碳) (,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,,)
chiao t'an (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
jiāo tàn (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
jiao tan (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
coke(bituminous) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
coke(bitumineuze) (P,,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,UF,U,U)
coke(bituminous) (P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,U)
cokes(bitumineuze) (P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
煤焦(焦碳) (,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,,)
chiao t'an (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
jiāo tàn (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
jiao tan (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
coke(bituminous) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
coke(bitumineuze) (P,,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,UF,U,U)
coke(bituminous) (P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,U)
cokes(bitumineuze) (P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
層面/層級編碼： M.MT
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....材料層面........材料 (材料層面)............材料................<依成分區分之材料>....................有機材料........................瀝青材料............................<改良瀝青材料>
................................焦碳 (瀝青)
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | The dark, porous, carbonized residue left after the destructive distillation of bituminous coal, petroleum or coal tar pitch. Coal can be converted to coke by heating it in an airless oven to drive off all volatile components. Coke was once made in large quantities as a byproduct when coal was burnt to produce methane. Coke is useful in metallurgy because it burns hotter than coal; it is used primarily as a fuel or as a reducing agent in the iron and steel industry, primarily in blast furnaces. The process for using coke in smelting was developed in the 17th century. In the 18th and 19th centuries coke aided in the expansion of the cast iron and steel production. Coke can also be converted to graphite. |
| 荷蘭語.... | Het vaste residu dat overblijft wanneer steenkool zonder luchttoevoer of met beperkte luchttoevoer (carbonisatie) wordt verhit. Cokes worden hoofdzakelijk gebruikt als brandstof of als reduceermiddel in de ijzer- en staalindustrie, hoofdzakelijk in hoogovens. |
| 西班牙語.... | Residuo sólido que queda cuando se calienta carbón en ausencia de aire o con un suministro limitado (carbonización). Se usa primariamente como combustible o como agente reductor en la industria del hierro y el acero, en particular en los altos hornos. (Oxford Paperback Encyclopedia (1998)) |
來源與貢獻者：
| 焦碳(瀝青)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 朗文當代大辭典 326 |
| ................. | 建築學英漢辭典 91 |
| ................. | 玻璃陶瓷名詞辭典 59 |
| ................. | 化學名詞辭典 43 |
| 煤焦(焦碳)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 January 29, 2010 |
| ................. | 牛津當代大辭典 336 |
| coke(bituminous)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1986) 210 |
| ................. | Macmillan Encyclopedia 2001 (2000) |
| ................. | Dictionary of Science (1999) |
| ................. | Oxford Paperback Encyclopedia (1999) |
| ................. | MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-) |
| ................. | Candidate term Candidate term -- GCI -- 05/18/2001 |
| ................. | AATA database (1995-) 122030 checked 26 January 2012 |
| cokes(bitumineuze)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | Oxford Paperback Encyclopedia (1999) |
| ................. | AATA database (1995-) 122030 checked 26 January 2012 |
| ................. | Polytechnisch woordenboek En-Ne (1991) |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300264249
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300264249
聯合目錄： 焦碳 、煤焦 、chiao t'an 、jiāo tàn 、jiao tan 、coke 、coke 、cokes 、coke 、coque
聯合目錄： 焦碳 、煤焦 、chiao t'an 、jiāo tàn 、jiao tan 、coke 、coke 、cokes 、coke 、coque
引用：
[焦碳(瀝青) coke(bituminous)(編號300264249)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300264249（2024/11/23瀏覽）。