比賈爾 Bijar
範圍註 ：
一種織品風格，尤指地毯。此類織品是庫德人於伊朗西部的比查爾村莊鄰近地區，以手工編織而成。比查爾地毯的特色在於其較為厚重，耐用，質地較硬，且不易摺疊。這些地毯是以羊毛為基底，並且以對稱的打結方式編織而成，為雙經地毯。「雙經」指的是將經線串在一起的方式：交替的緯線被緊拉在一起，使得經線穿梭在兩層緯線之上；而一層緯線幾乎緊貼在另一層緯線之後。這種結構很特殊，因為緯線在排結之間穿越了三次。克爾曼（Kerman）地毯也帶有同樣的特色。許多比查爾地毯上的獎章裝飾圖案看來有些呆板；地毯上方的獎章圖案以及地毯的角落皆有所裝飾，但是背景的其餘部分則是保持單一的紅色或黃色。其他的比查賈地毯上則呈現重複的圖案，包括赫拉特圖樣。赫拉特圖案當中包含了一個菱形的格狀圖樣，從不同樣式的花卉圖案交錯處隱約顯露出來。比查賈當地亦出產大量的「委吉雷」（vagireh）。委吉雷指的是織布工用來作為大型地毯模型的樣本，可供顯示一些圖樣與邊飾的一部分。
詞彙 ：
比賈爾(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
比查爾(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
pi chia erh (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
bǐ jiǎ ěr (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
bi jia er (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
Bijar(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,A)
Bijar(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
Bijar(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
Bījār(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
比查爾(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
pi chia erh (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
bǐ jiǎ ěr (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
bi jia er (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
Bijar(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,A)
Bijar(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
Bijar(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
Bījār(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
層面/層級編碼： F.FL
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....風格與時代層面........風格與時代............<依區域區分之風格與時代>................<伊斯蘭世界>....................<伊斯蘭世界的朝代風格與時代>........................<蒙古時期之後伊朗的伊斯蘭風格與時代>............................<蒙古時期之後伊朗的伊斯蘭風格>................................<蒙古時期之後的波斯織品風格>....................................<蒙古時期後之波斯西部紡織風格>
........................................比賈爾
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | Style of textiles, particularly carpets, handwoven by Kurds in the vicinity of the village of Bijar in western Iran, and characterized by their weight, sturdiness, and remarkable stiffness and resistance to folding. Woven on a woolen foundation in the symmetrical knot, these carpets are said to be double-warped. This refers to the way the warps are strung closely together, and alternate weft shoots are pulled so tight that the warp lies on two levels, one almost precisely behind the other. The structure is unusual in that the weft is passed three times between rows of knots. This is also a Kerman characteristic. Many Bijar carpets have clumsy medallion decorative schemes in which the medallion and corners are ornamented but the balance of the field remains a solid red or yellow. Other examples show repeat patterns, including the herati, in which a diamond lattice peeps through a tangle of stylized flowers. From Bijar come a remarkable number of vagirehs, or weavers' samples used as models for large carpets, that show portions of several patterns and borders. |
來源與貢獻者：
| 比賈爾............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 July 10, 2012 |
| Bijar............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Bacharach and Bierman, Warp and Weft of Islam (1979) |
| ................. | Dodds, Oriental Rugs (1985) |
| ................. | Erdmann, 700 Years of Oriental Carpets (1970) |
| ................. | McMullan and Reichert, Islamic Rugs (1971) |
| ................. | Personal Communication Julia Bailey, Sackler Art Museum, 1/93; applies to rugs, Sarakhs q'ed as UF, Lulehs not good UF. |
| ................. | Grove Art Online (2008-) "Islamic art: Carpets and flatweaves," accessed 3 September 2009 |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| ................. | Fleming y Honour, Diccionario de Artes Decorativas (1987) 636 |
| ................. | Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) accessed 3 September 2009 |
| Bījār............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) |
| Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | Bacharach and Bierman, Warp and Weft of Islam (1979) plate 57; Bijars |
| ................. | Schlosser, Book of Rugs (1963) 46; Sarakhs; Lulehs; Bijar carpets |
| ................. | Dodds, Oriental Rugs (1985) 18; Bijar carpets |
| ................. | New Encyclopaedia Britannica (1984) needs diacritics; Bijar carpets |
| ................. | Erdmann, 700 Years of Oriental Carpets (1970) 191; Bijars |
| ................. | McMullan and Reichert, Islamic Rugs (1971) plate 12; Bijars |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) Bijars |
| ................. | Grote Bosatlas (1988) |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300244159
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300244159
聯合目錄： 比賈爾 、比查爾 、 pi chia erh 、 bǐ jiǎ ěr 、 bi jia er 、Bijar 、Bījār 、Bijar 、Bijar
聯合目錄： 比賈爾 、比查爾 、 pi chia erh 、 bǐ jiǎ ěr 、 bi jia er 、Bijar 、Bījār 、Bijar 、Bijar
引用：
[比賈爾 Bijar(編號300244159)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300244159（2024/11/23瀏覽）。