AAT-Taiwan 藝術與建築索引典

狀態：NP(TV) 編號：300244137 詞彙類型：概念

呼羅珊 Khorasan

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範圍註：

一種鋪地物風格。此類鋪地物是在伊朗東北部的呼羅珊地區以手工編織而成，其中包括經典的赫拉特地毯。從十八世紀晚期至十九世紀初期所生產的赫拉特（Herat）地毯，可能就是在呼羅珊地區的村莊製作而成的。在這些地毯上，可以看到重複的格子圖案，在花卉以及葉叢當中隱約顯露出來。此外，地毯的邊飾也極具特色，上面有一對對分割而成的藤蔓花紋綴飾，且呈現出流暢的曲線。這些地毯通常是以棉為基底，並且運用賈夫提不對稱打結法（在四條經線上打結）編織而成。馬什哈德（Mashhad，又名 Meshed）、比爾詹德（Birjand）以及其他鄰近村莊生產了一些符合房間大小的地毯；這些地毯的設計特色在於其具有獎章式圖樣。這些獎章圖案通常與一般的不同，因為其形狀是圓的。此外，這類地毯的特色亦包括其背景圖案；樹莖盤繞的圖案顯示了經典赫拉特地毯的風格又開始流行。地毯的邊飾也是其一特色；邊飾上有許多細窄的條紋圖案。此類地毯大多數亦是運用賈夫提不對稱打結法所編織而成。地毯上的紅色是用洋紅染成的；而由於地毯當中也使用了大量的藍色，因此使得地毯呈現出一絲紫色的色調。由於地毯是採用軟羊毛來製作，加上結構並不縝密，因而降低了地毯的耐久性。

詞彙：

呼羅珊(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
hu lo shan (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
hū luó shān (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
hu luo shan (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
Khorasan(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,A)
Khorasan(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
Khorasan(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
Khorassan(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
Khurasan(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
Khurassan(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,U)

層面/層級編碼： F.FL

層級架構：

藝術與建築詞典根目錄

....風格與時代層面

........風格與時代

............<依區域區分之風格與時代>

................<伊斯蘭世界>

....................<伊斯蘭世界的朝代風格與時代>

........................<蒙古時期之後伊朗的伊斯蘭風格與時代>

............................<蒙古時期之後伊朗的伊斯蘭風格>

................................<蒙古時期之後的波斯織品風格>

....................................<蒙古時期之後波斯東北部的織品風格>

........................................呼羅珊

其他範圍註：

英文....

Style of handwoven floor coverings made in the region of Khorasan, in northeastern Iran, including the classic Herat carpets. From the late 18th and early 19th centuries there are carpets in the herati pattern, probably made in villages of the district. They show a repeat pattern of a lattice that peeps through a maze of blossoms and leaves, with a characteristic border showing pairs of smoothly curved split arabesques. These carpets are usually woven in jufti asymmetrical knotting (upon four warps) on a cotton foundation. The designs of room-sized carpets made in Meshed (Mashhad), Birjand, and villages nearby are characterized by medallions that are often unusually round, grounds that revive the coiling stems of the Herat classic carpets, and borders that show an unusual number of narrow stripes. Most of these carpets, too, are jufti knotted. Reds are dyed with cochineal, which, with the significant amount of blue used in the rugs, gives the carpets a purplish cast. The combination of soft wool and the inadequacies of construction has reduced their durability.

來源與貢獻者：

呼羅珊............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 July 10, 2012
Khorasan............	[VP]
.................	Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
.................	Dewey, Sistema de Clasificación Decimal Dewey e Índice Relativo (2000) 4:392
.................	Grove Art Online (2008-) "Indian subcontinent: Textiles," accessed 2 September 2009.
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................	Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-) accessed 2 September 2009
Khorassan............	[VP]
.................	Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
.................	Personal Communication Carol Bier, Curator, Textile Museum, WADC, 10/92.; Khorasan carpets
Khurasan............	[VP]
.................	Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
Khurassan............	[VP]
.................	Eiland, Oriental Rugs (1976) 71
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	New Encyclopaedia Britannica (1984) Khorasan carpets
.................	Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) Khorassans; Khurasans
.................	Personal Communication Carol Bier, Curator, Textile Museum, WADC, 10/92.; Khorasan carpets
.................	Winkler Prins Atlas (1987)

外部連結：

Getty AAT: 300244137 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300244137
聯合目錄：呼羅珊、hu lo shan 、hū luó shān 、hu luo shan 、Khorasan 、Khorassan 、Khurasan 、Khurassan 、Khorasan 、Khorasan 、Jorasán

引用：

[呼羅珊 Khorasan(編號300244137)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300244137（2024/11/23瀏覽）。