為兩種相近的紅色有機顏料的通稱，該兩種顏料主要是由介殼蟲、臙脂蟲與胭脂紅所獲得。此兩種顏料皆不夠持久，因其會受陽光照射而褪色，不適合用於美術。最初以茜草色與茜素代替，後則是合成有機紅色取代。

洋紅(色澱)　(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
胭脂紅(色澱)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
yang hung (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
yáng hóng (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
yang hong (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
carmine(lake)　(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
carmine lake(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
carmin(lake)　(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
Karmesin lake(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
new red lake(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
Kugel lake(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
Parisian lake(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
Munich lake(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
Venetian lake(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
Karminlack(P,,U,German-偏好,D,U,N)
Karmin(Lack)　(,U,German-非偏好,UF,U,N)
karmozijnrood(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
lacque carminée(P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,N)
carmín(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依功能區分之材料>
....................著色劑 (材料)
........................<染料或顏料之著色劑>
............................洋紅 (色澱)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依功能區分之材料>
....................著色劑 (材料)
........................色料
............................<依製作方式區分之顏料>
................................色澱
....................................洋紅 (色澱)

composed of....	胭脂紅(著色劑)
composed of....	臙脂蟲

英文....	A generic name for two closely related organic red lakes that are obtained from scale insects, cochineal and kermes. Neither pigment is permanent enough for use in fine art because they discolor in sunlight. They were replaced first by madder and alizarin, then later by synthetic organic red colors.
荷蘭語....	Een rode, natuurlijke organische verfstof, die ook wordt gebruikt als substraatpigment, en hoofdzakelijk wordt verkregen uit twee soorten schildluis, cochenille en kermes.
西班牙語....	Colorante orgánico natural rojo, utilizado también como pigmento de laca. Preparado fundamentalmente a partir de dos especies de insectos coco, la cochinilla y el quermes.

洋紅(色澱)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 80
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 September 15, 2011
.................	牛津當代大辭典 p. 251
.................	大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 September 15, 2011
.................	化學名詞辭典 p. 34
胭脂紅(色澱)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 September 15, 2011
.................	智慧藏百科全書網 September 15, 2011
carmine(lake)............	[VP]
.................	Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) 255
.................	Harley, Artists' Pigments c.1600-1835 (1982) 135
.................	Gettens and Stout, Painting Materials (1966) 110
.................	Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) 61
.................	Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 110
.................	Personal Communication Elisabeth West Fitzhugh, Conservation scientist, ret., December 1991.
.................	AATA database (1995-) 121535 checked 26 January 2012
carmine lake............	[VP]
.................	Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) 99
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
carmin(lake)............	[VP]
.................	Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 110
Karmesin lake............	[VP]
.................	Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) 258
new red lake............	[VP]
.................	Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) 256
Kugel lake............	[VP]
.................	Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) Vol. 2
Parisian lake............	[VP]
.................	Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) Vol. 2
Munich lake............	[VP]
.................	Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) 255
.................	Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) 61
Venetian lake............	[VP]
.................	Feller, Artists' Pigments (1986) 258
Karminlack............	[VP]
.................	Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 110
Karmin(Lack)............	[VP]
.................	Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 110
karmozijnrood............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
lacque carminée............	[VP]
.................	Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 110
carmín............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	Diccionario de Química y de productos químicos (1993) 1097
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) 61; Nacarat carmine
.................	AATA database (1995-) 121535 checked 26 January 2012
.................	Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)

Getty AAT: 300013587 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300013587
聯合目錄： 洋紅 、胭脂紅 、yang hung 、yáng hóng 、yang hong 、carmine 、carmine lake 、carmin 、Karmesin lake 、new red lake 、Kugel lake 、Parisian lake 、Munich lake 、Venetian lake 、Karminlack 、Karmin 、karmozijnrood 、lacque carminée 、carmín