一種由紅硫化汞製成的合成顏料，化學成分與天然的辰砂礦物相同。有乾處理及濕處理兩種調製方法。乾處理法，是在熔化的硫中添加汞；為中國人所發明，似乎是通過伊斯蘭世界，在大約八世紀時傳入歐洲，濕處理法，則是將磨碎的黑硫化汞同構物加入硫化銨或硫化鉀溶液中，發明於十七世紀末的德國。性質密實，披覆力極佳，用於油畫、水彩畫、蛋彩畫與壁畫。當暴露於紫外線、氧氣或氯離子時，會由平常的紅色結晶形式變成灰色或黑色，導致暗化的色變。

朱砂(顏料)　(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,U,U)
辰砂 (顏料)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,,)
硃砂(顏料)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
紅丹(朱砂)　(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
銀硃(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
chu sha (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
zhū shā (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
zhu sha (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
shu(pigment)　(P,,U,Japanese-偏好,D,U,N)
dmar po(P,,U,Tibetan-偏好,D,U,N)
vermilion(pigment)　(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
vermilion pigment(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
vermilion red(pigment)　(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
vermillion(pigment)　(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
vermiculus(pigment)　(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
minium(historical, vermilion)　(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
Vermilion(pigment)　(P,,U,German-偏好,D,U,N)
vermiljoen(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
vermillon(pigment)　(P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,N)
vermiglio(pigment)　(P,,U,Italian-偏好,D,U,N)
vermellon(pigment)　(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,N)
bermellón(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
sulfuro de mercurio rojo(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,U)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依功能區分之材料>
....................著色劑 (材料)
........................色料
............................<依顏色區分之顏料>
................................紅色色料
....................................無機紅色顏料
........................................朱砂 (顏料)

藝術與建築詞典根目錄
....材料層面
........材料 (材料層面)
............材料
................<依成分區分之材料>
....................無機材料
........................礦物
............................朱砂 (顏料)

meaning/usage overlaps with....	中國紅
meaning/usage overlaps with....	辰砂(礦物)

英文....	Synthetic pigment composed of red mercuric sulfide, chemically the same as the natural mineral cinnabar. There are two methods for preparing vermilion, a dry-process and a wet-process. The dry-process method, adding mercury to molten sulfur, was invented by the Chinese then imported to Europe ca. 8th century, seemingly via the Islamic world. The wet-process method, placing the ground black mercuric sulfide isomorph into a solution of ammonium sulfide or potassium sulfide, was developed in the late 17th century in Germany. Vermilion is a dense pigment with excellent hiding power, used in oil, watercolor, egg tempera, and fresco paintings. When exposed to ultraviolet light and oxygen, or chloride ions, vermilion can change from its normal red crystalline form to gray or black, resulting in dark discolorations.
荷蘭語....	Pigment bestaande uit kwiksulfiet, zowel het natuurlijke mineraal cinnaber als de kunstmatige verbinding.
西班牙語....	Pigmento compuesto de sulfuro de mercurio, que incluye cinabrio mineral natural y cinabrio obtenido artificialmente.

朱砂(顏料)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	藝術名詞與技法辭典 483
辰砂 (顏料)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 July 10, 2009
.................	牛津當代大辭典 2013
硃砂(顏料)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	大英視覺藝術百科全書 Vol. 9, 194
紅丹(朱砂)............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	藝術名詞與技法辭典 283
銀硃............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 July 10, 2009
shu(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
dmar po............	[VP]
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
vermilion(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	Roy, Artists' Pigments, Volume 2 (1993)
.................	Harley, Artists' Pigments c.1600-1835 (1982) 125
.................	Gettens and Stout, Painting Materials (1966)
.................	Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) 420
.................	Saitzyk, Art Hardware (1987) 169
.................	Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 105
.................	AATA database (1995-) 130247 checked 26 January 2012
vermilion pigment............	[VP]
.................	Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1977) 591
vermilion red(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1977) 483
vermillion(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 105
vermiculus(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	Roy, Artists' Pigments, Volume 2 (1993)
minium(historical, vermilion)............	[VP]
.................	Roy, Artists' Pigments, Volume 2 (1993)
Vermilion(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	Roy, Artists' Pigments, Volume 2 (1993) DEU
.................	Wehlte, Materials and Techniques of Painting (1982) 105
.................	MFA Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online (2005-)
vermiljoen............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
vermillon(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	Roy, Artists' Pigments, Volume 2 (1993) FRA
.................	CHIN database
vermiglio(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	Roy, Artists' Pigments, Volume 2 (1993) ITA
vermellon(pigment)............	[VP]
.................	Roy, Artists' Pigments, Volume 2 (1993) ESP
bermellón............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	Mayer, Materiales y técnicas del arte, 1985 40 - 80
.................	Bomford, Dunkerton, Gordon y Roy, La pintura italiana hasta 1400. Materiales, métodos y procedimientos de arte (1995) 31
sulfuro de mercurio rojo............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	Bomford, Dunkerton, Gordon y Roy, La pintura italiana hasta 1400. Materiales, métodos y procedimientos de arte (1995) 31
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AATA database (1995-) 130247 checked 26 January 2012
.................	Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)

Getty AAT: 300013568 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300013568
聯合目錄： 朱砂 、辰砂 、硃砂 、紅丹 、銀硃 、chu sha 、zhū shā 、zhu sha 、shu 、dmar po 、vermilion 、vermilion pigment 、vermilion red 、vermillion 、vermiculus 、minium 、Vermilion 、vermiljoen 、vermillon 、vermiglio 、vermellon 、bermellón 、sulfuro de mercurio rojo