石墨(礦物) graphite(mineral)
範圍註 ：
與鑽石均為碳同質異形的天然結晶體，石墨具層狀構造，是由許多排列在水平薄片廣大空間上的六碳環原子所組成，因此其結晶呈六角形系統。相較於相同元素結晶為八面體或四面體系統的鑽石，二者形成的特徵有相當大的差異。石墨不透明、質軟、觸感油膩、顏色由鐵黑到鋼鐵灰，呈晶體狀、薄片狀、鱗狀、條紋狀、層狀體或散佈在變質岩中。
詞彙 ：
石墨(礦物) (P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
黑鉛(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
筆鉛(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
碳精(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
shih mo (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
shí mò (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
shi mo (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
graphite(mineral) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
graphite(mineral) (P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,N)
black lead(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
lead, black(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
plumbago(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
grafiet(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
grafito(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
黑鉛(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
筆鉛(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
碳精(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
shih mo (P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
shí mò (P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
shi mo (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
graphite(mineral) (P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,N)
graphite(mineral) (P,,U,法語-偏好,D,U,N)
black lead(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
lead, black(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
plumbago(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
grafiet(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
grafito(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,U)
層面/層級編碼： M.MT
層級架構：
藝術與建築詞典根目錄 ....材料層面........材料 (材料層面)............材料................<依成分區分之材料>....................無機材料........................礦物
............................石墨 (礦物)
其他範圍註 ：
| 英文.... | Naturally occurring crystalline form of carbon dimorphous with diamond. Graphite has a layered structure that consists of rings of six carbon atoms arranged in widely spaced horizontal sheets, and thus crystallizes in the hexagonal system, in contrast to the same element crystallizing in the octahedral or tetrahedral system as diamond, resulting in very different characteristics in each. Graphite is opaque, soft, greasy to the touch, and iron black to steel gray in color; it occurs as crystals, flakes, scales, veins, bedded masses, or disseminations in metamorphic rocks. |
| 荷蘭語.... | Een in de natuur voorkomende gekristalliseerde vorm van koolstof, dimorf met diamant. Grafiet heeft een gelaagde structuur die bestaat uit ringen met zes koolstofatomen die zijn gerangschikt in horizontale lagen die relatief ver van elkaar af liggen, en kristalliseert in het zesvlakkige systeem, anders dan diamant, waarbij koolstofatomen kristalliseren in het achtvlakkige of viervlakkige systeem. Hierdoor hebben diamant en grafiet zeer verschillende eigenschappen. Grafiet is ondoorzichtig en zacht, voelt vettig aan en is ijzerzwart tot staalgrijs van kleur; het komt voor als kristallen, vlokken, schilfers, aders, bodemlagen of verspreid in metamorfe gesteenten. |
| 西班牙語.... | Forma de carbono cristalina que existe en la naturaleza dimorfo con el diamante. Es opaco, blanco, graso al tacto y de color negro hierro a gris acero. Se encuentra como cristales, copos, escamas, venas, masas embutidas o diseminado en rocas metamórficas. |
來源與貢獻者：
| 石墨(礦物)............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 朗文當代大辭典 p. 160 |
| ................. | 藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 203 |
| ................. | 國家教育研究院－雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網 July 09, 2009 |
| ................. | 智慧藏百科全書網 August 29, 2011 |
| ................. | 牛津當代大辭典 p. 777 |
| ................. | 朗文英漢雙解科技大辭典 p. 740 |
| ................. | 大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 August 29, 2011 |
| ................. | 世界藝術史 p. 893 |
| ................. | 岩石與礦物圖鑑 p. 51 |
| ................. | 大英視覺藝術百科全書 Vol. 9,pp. 180 |
| 黑鉛............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 朗文當代大辭典 p. 160 |
| ................. | 藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 48 |
| 筆鉛............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 347 |
| 碳精............ | [AS-Academia Sinica] |
| ................. | 藝術名詞與技法辭典 p. 48 |
| graphite(mineral)............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Dictionary of Geological Terms (1984) |
| ................. | National Museum of American Art, Media Thesaurus (1980s) |
| ................. | CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
| ................. | Mayer, Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969) |
| ................. | Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1986) 371, used as lubricant, in lead pencils, in fibre form to make objects, high-temp coating, pigment rarely |
| ................. | Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
| ................. | CHIN database |
| ................. | AATA database (1995-) 124346 checked 26 January 2012 |
| black lead............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Dictionary of Geological Terms (1984) |
| lead, black............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Getty Vocabulary Program rules |
| plumbago............ | [VP] |
| ................. | Dictionary of Geological Terms (1984) |
| grafiet............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | AAT-Ned (1994-) |
| grafito............ | [CDBP-DIBAM] |
| ................. | Diccionario de la Real Academia Española. Biblioteca de Consulta 2003 (2003) |
| ................. | Rico y Martínez, Diccionario Técnico Akal de conservación y restauración de bienes culturales, español-alemán-inglés-italiano-francés (2003) 106 |
| Subject:............ | [Bureau AAT] |
| ................. | CHIN database |
| ................. | AATA database (1995-) 124346 checked 26 January 2012 |
| ................. | Polytechnisch woordenboek En-Ne (1991) |
外部連結：
Getty AAT: 300011098
Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300011098
聯合目錄： 石墨 、黑鉛 、筆鉛 、碳精 、shih mo 、shí mò 、shi mo 、graphite 、black lead 、lead, black 、plumbago 、grafiet 、graphite 、grafito
聯合目錄： 石墨 、黑鉛 、筆鉛 、碳精 、shih mo 、shí mò 、shi mo 、graphite 、black lead 、lead, black 、plumbago 、grafiet 、graphite 、grafito
引用：
[石墨(礦物) graphite(mineral)(編號300011098)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300011098（2024/11/22瀏覽）。