AAT-Taiwan 藝術與建築索引典

狀態：NP(TV) 編號：300005880 詞彙類型：概念

死者之塔 towers of silence

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範圍註：

崇信瑣羅亞斯德教的印度帕西人在山丘上建的圓形石台或石塔，用來放置屍體。此種塔為石或磚造，約25呎高，有格柵以留置屍體。待禿鷹啄食屍體之後，骨骸會落入下方的坑洞中。此作法乃因瑣羅亞斯德教義規定，屍體皆極汙穢，不可汙染大地或和火接觸。此外，塔身也被視為危害純潔之邪惡勢力，因此僅有職業抬屍者可以進入；抬屍者在入塔前會進行避邪儀式，而卸除此職務時也需舉行淨化儀式。有部份瑣羅亞斯德教教徒欲廢止此種處理屍體的古法，但其他教眾仍堅持依循此道。

詞彙：

死者之塔(P,,U,繁體中文-偏好,D,,)
天葬塔(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
寂靜之塔(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
沉默之塔(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,,)
寂靜塔(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,U,U)
寂沒塔(,U,繁體中文-非偏好,UF,,)
ssu che chih t'a(P,,U,韋氏拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
sǐ zhě zhī tǎ(P,,U,漢語拼音-偏好,UF,U,U)
si zhe zhi ta (P,,U,漢語拼音(無聲調)-偏好,UF,U,U)
towers of silence(P,,U,英文-偏好,D,U,PN)
tower of silence(,U,英文-非偏好,AD,U,SN)
dahkmes(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
dakhmas(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
dokhmas(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
dokmehs(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
daxmas(,U,英文-非偏好,UF,U,N)
torens der stilte(P,,U,荷蘭語-偏好,D,U,U)
toren der stilte(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,AD,U,U)
torens van het zwijgen(,U,荷蘭語-非偏好,UF,U,U)
torres del silencio(P,,U,西班牙語-偏好,D,U,PN)
torre del silencio(,U,西班牙語-非偏好,AD,U,SN)

層面/層級編碼： V.RK

層級架構：

藝術與建築詞典根目錄

....物件層面

........建築環境 (層級名)

............單一建築作品 (層級名)

................<單一建築作品 (建築環境)>

....................<依特定種類區分之單一建築作品>

........................<依功能區分之單一建築作品>

............................儀式結構物

................................<喪葬結構物>

....................................喪葬建築

........................................<殯葬建築>

............................................死者之塔

其他範圍註：

英文....	Circular stone platforms or towers erected on hills on which Parsees of India dispose of their dead according to the Zoroastrian rite. Such towers, built of stone or brick, are about 25 feet high and have gratings on which the dead are left. After the corpses have been devoured by vultures, the bones fall into a pit below, thereby satisfying the Zoroastrian injunction that corpses, which are seen as extremely polluting, should not defile the earth or have contact with fire. The actual towers are seen as threats to purity and therefore can only be entered by professional corpse-bearers who take ritual precautions before entering and undergo rites of purification after leaving the profession. Some members of the Zoroastrian community want to abandon this ancient way of disposing of the dead but others staunchly adhere to it.
荷蘭語....	Ronde stenen platforms of torens die zijn opgericht op heuvels waarop de parsen in India hun doden achterlaten, overeenkomstig de zoroastrische rituele gebruiken. Dergelijke uit steen of baksteen vervaardigde torens zijn circa 8 meter hoog en zijn voorzien van een rooster waarop de doden worden neergelegd. Nadat de lijken door gieren zijn verslonden, vallen de botten in een kuil eronder; zo wordt voldaan aan het zoroastrische gebod dat eist dat lijken, die als uiterst vervuilend worden beschouwd, niet de aarde mogen verontreinigen of in contact mogen komen met vuur. De torens worden beschouwd als bedreiging van de zuiverheid en zijn uitsluitend toegankelijk voor bevoegde lijkendragers, die rituele voorzorgsmaatregelen nemen voordat ze de toren betreden en zuiveringsrituelen ondergaan wanneer ze hun beroepsuitoefening beëindigen. Sommige leden van de zoroastrische gemeenschap pleiten voor afschaffing van dit traditionele lijkenritueel, terwijl anderen er fervent voorstander van blijven.
西班牙語....	Plataforma circular de piedra en la que los parias de India dejan sus muertos para ser dvorados por los buitres.

來源與貢獻者：

死者之塔............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	智慧藏百科全書網 October 30, 2013
.................	遠流字典通 June 22, 2015
天葬塔............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	Online Dictionary June 22, 2015
.................	有道youdao詞典 June 22, 2015
寂靜之塔............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	有道youdao詞典 June 22, 2015
沉默之塔............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	有道youdao詞典 June 22, 2015
寂靜塔............	[AS-Academia Sinica]
.................	有道youdao詞典 June 22, 2015
towers of silence............	[VP]
.................	Harris, Historic Architecture Sourcebook (1977)
.................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.................	Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture and Building (1902) Vol. 3, 842
.................	Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987)
tower of silence............	[VP]
.................	Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997) 262
.................	Getty Vocabulary Program rules
dahkmes............	[VP]
.................	Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture and Building (1902)
dakhmas............	[VP]
.................	Goring, ed., Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions (1994) 129
.................	Encyclopedia Britannica Online (1994-2001) accessed 12/01
.................	Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987)
dokhmas............	[VP]
.................	CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-)
.................	Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture and Building (1902)
dokmehs............	[VP]
.................	Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture and Building (1902)
daxmas............	[VP]
.................	Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997) 262
torens der stilte............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
toren der stilte............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
torens van het zwijgen............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	AAT-Ned (1994-)
torres del silencio............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	Comité, Plural del término en singular
torre del silencio............	[CDBP-DIBAM]
.................	TAA database (2000-)
Subject:............	[Bureau AAT]
.................	Van Dale Engels-Nederlands (1989)

外部連結：

Getty AAT: 300005880 Getty AAT: http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=costume&logic=AND¬e=&subjectid=300005880
聯合目錄：死者之塔、天葬塔、寂靜之塔、沉默之塔、寂靜塔、寂沒塔、ssu che chih t'a 、sǐ zhě zhī tǎ 、si zhe zhi ta 、towers of silence 、tower of silence 、dahkmes 、dakhmas 、dokhmas 、dokmehs 、daxmas 、torens der stilte 、toren der stilte 、torens van het zwijgen 、torres del silencio 、torre del silencio

引用：

[死者之塔 towers of silence(編號300005880)]。《藝術與建築索引典》。http://aat.teldap.tw/AATFullDisplay/300005880（2024/09/20瀏覽）。